Anu Ranjit1, Tellervo Korhonen2, Jadwiga Buchwald2, Kauko Heikkilä2, Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson3, Richard J Rose4, Jaakko Kaprio5, Antti Latvala2. 1. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: anu.ranjit@helsinki.fi. 2. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 4. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States. 5. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies enhance understanding of the complex reciprocal relationship between smoking and depression from adolescence to young adulthood. Examining bi-directional associations between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms in a genetically informative twin design can help to understand whether the associations are independent of shared genetic and environmental factors. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal data on smoking and depressive symptoms in twins participating in the adolescent (mean age 17.5) and young adult (mean age 21.9) surveys of the FinnTwin12 study (maximum N = 2,954 individuals; 1,154 twin pairs). At both waves, self-reported depressive symptoms, assessed with the 10-item version of the General Behavior Inventory (GBI), and smoking status were analyzed. The bi-directional associations were first studied among individuals and then within monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. RESULTS: When adjusted for multiple covariates and baseline depressive symptoms, daily smokers at age 17 had higher depressive symptom scores at age 22 than never smokers (Incidence Rate Ratio = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33). Similarly, when adjusted for covariates and baseline smoking, higher score in GBI at age 17 was associated with an increased likelihood of being a non-daily (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) or daily (RRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10) smoker at age 22. No associations were found in within-pair analyses, suggesting that the individual-level association is explained by shared familial liabilities. CONCLUSION: During the developmental period from adolescence to adulthood, cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms are reciprocally associated. However, these associations are confounded by shared genetic and other familial liabilities.
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies enhance understanding of the complex reciprocal relationship between smoking and depression from adolescence to young adulthood. Examining bi-directional associations between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms in a genetically informative twin design can help to understand whether the associations are independent of shared genetic and environmental factors. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal data on smoking and depressive symptoms in twins participating in the adolescent (mean age 17.5) and young adult (mean age 21.9) surveys of the FinnTwin12 study (maximum N = 2,954 individuals; 1,154 twin pairs). At both waves, self-reported depressive symptoms, assessed with the 10-item version of the General Behavior Inventory (GBI), and smoking status were analyzed. The bi-directional associations were first studied among individuals and then within monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. RESULTS: When adjusted for multiple covariates and baseline depressive symptoms, daily smokers at age 17 had higher depressive symptom scores at age 22 than never smokers (Incidence Rate Ratio = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33). Similarly, when adjusted for covariates and baseline smoking, higher score in GBI at age 17 was associated with an increased likelihood of being a non-daily (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) or daily (RRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10) smoker at age 22. No associations were found in within-pair analyses, suggesting that the individual-level association is explained by shared familial liabilities. CONCLUSION: During the developmental period from adolescence to adulthood, cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms are reciprocally associated. However, these associations are confounded by shared genetic and other familial liabilities.
Authors: Philip Baiden; Hannah S Szlyk; Patricia Cavazos-Rehg; Henry K Onyeaka; JaNiene E Peoples; Erin Kasson Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2021-12-22 Impact factor: 5.250
Authors: Richard J Rose; Jessica E Salvatore; Sari Aaltonen; Peter B Barr; Leonie H Bogl; Holly A Byers; Kauko Heikkilä; Tellervo Korhonen; Antti Latvala; Teemu Palviainen; Anu Ranjit; Alyce M Whipp; Lea Pulkkinen; Danielle M Dick; Jaakko Kaprio Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2019-10-23 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: Satu Viertiö; Olli Kiviruusu; Maarit Piirtola; Jaakko Kaprio; Tellervo Korhonen; Mauri Marttunen; Jaana Suvisaari Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-03-29 Impact factor: 3.295