Sara Ceballos1, Carmen Aspiroz2, Laura Ruiz-Ripa1, Esteban Reynaga3, José Manuel Azcona-Gutiérrez4, Antonio Rezusta5, Cristina Seral6, Fernando Antoñanzas7, Luis Torres8, Concepción López9, Lorena López-Cerero10, Emilia Cercenado11, Myriam Zarazaga1, Carmen Torres1. 1. Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain. 2. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain. 3. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitari de Vic, Vic, Spain. 4. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain. 5. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet/IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain. 6. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain. 7. Departamento de Economía, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain. 8. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain. 9. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital de Barbastro, Barbastro, Spain. 10. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain. 11. Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERES, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tetracycline resistance (TetR) is a marker of livestock-associated MRSA of lineage CC398. OBJECTIVES: To determine the MRSA CC398 prevalence among TetR-MRSA recovered in Spanish hospitals located in regions with different pig-farming densities, and the influence of pig density as a key risk factor for its acquisition. METHODS: TetR-MRSA isolates (n = 232) recovered from clinical and epidemiological samples during January-June 2016 in 20 hospitals in 13 regions with different pig-farming densities were analysed. MRSA CC398 identification, detection of spa types, methicillin resistance genes and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes were performed by PCR/sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed to establish the relationships between MRSA CC398 prevalence and pig density. RESULTS: The global MRSA prevalence was 29.7% (6.9% TetR-MRSA/MRSA), with 137 CC398 isolates recovered, representing 4.1% of total MRSA and 59.1% of TetR-MRSA. Among MRSA CC398, 16 different spa types were recorded (t011: 72.3%), and all but two strains were IEC negative. Higher pig-density regions were associated with significant MRSA CC398 increases in hospitals located in adjacent regions (P < 0.001). Linear regression models explained the relationships between MRSA CC398 and pig density (P < 0.001), with an increase of 6.6 MRSA CC398 cases per 100 MRSA per increase of 100 pigs/km2 in a region. CONCLUSIONS: High pig density leads to a significant increase in MRSA CC398 in hospitals in Spain, and its combination with a high human population could help its dissemination. In Spain, the prevalence of the zoonotic CC398 lineage is closely related to pig-farming density; therefore, specific tools could be implemented in order to detect its dissemination.
BACKGROUND:Tetracycline resistance (TetR) is a marker of livestock-associated MRSA of lineage CC398. OBJECTIVES: To determine the MRSA CC398 prevalence among TetR-MRSA recovered in Spanish hospitals located in regions with different pig-farming densities, and the influence of pig density as a key risk factor for its acquisition. METHODS: TetR-MRSA isolates (n = 232) recovered from clinical and epidemiological samples during January-June 2016 in 20 hospitals in 13 regions with different pig-farming densities were analysed. MRSA CC398 identification, detection of spa types, methicillin resistance genes and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes were performed by PCR/sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed to establish the relationships between MRSA CC398 prevalence and pig density. RESULTS: The global MRSA prevalence was 29.7% (6.9% TetR-MRSA/MRSA), with 137 CC398 isolates recovered, representing 4.1% of total MRSA and 59.1% of TetR-MRSA. Among MRSA CC398, 16 different spa types were recorded (t011: 72.3%), and all but two strains were IEC negative. Higher pig-density regions were associated with significant MRSA CC398 increases in hospitals located in adjacent regions (P < 0.001). Linear regression models explained the relationships between MRSA CC398 and pig density (P < 0.001), with an increase of 6.6 MRSA CC398 cases per 100 MRSA per increase of 100 pigs/km2 in a region. CONCLUSIONS: High pig density leads to a significant increase in MRSA CC398 in hospitals in Spain, and its combination with a high human population could help its dissemination. In Spain, the prevalence of the zoonotic CC398 lineage is closely related to pig-farming density; therefore, specific tools could be implemented in order to detect its dissemination.
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Authors: Olouwafemi Mistourath Mama; Carmen Aspiroz; Laura Ruiz-Ripa; Sara Ceballos; Maria Iñiguez-Barrio; Emilia Cercenado; José Manuel Azcona; Lorena López-Cerero; Cristina Seral; Ana Isabel López-Calleja; Alba Belles-Belles; Pilar Berdonces; María Siller; Myriam Zarazaga; Carmen Torres Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2021-02-09 Impact factor: 5.640
Authors: Paula Gómez; Laura Ruiz-Ripa; Rosa Fernández-Fernández; Haythem Gharsa; Karim Ben Slama; Ursula Höfle; Myriam Zarazaga; Mark A Holmes; Carmen Torres Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2021-03-25 Impact factor: 5.640
Authors: Sara Ceballos; Carmen Lozano; Carmen Aspiroz; Laura Ruiz-Ripa; Paula Eguizábal; Allelen Campaña-Burguet; Emilia Cercenado; Ana Isabel López-Calleja; Javier Castillo; Jose Manuel Azcona-Gutiérrez; Luis Torres; Jorge Calvo; Carmen Martin; María Navarro; Myriam Zarazaga; Carmen Torres Journal: Pathogens Date: 2022-03-01