Tal Frenkel Rutenberg1, Maria Vitenberg1, Dafna Yahav2,3, Galia Spectre4,5, Steven Velkes1,6. 1. Department of Orthopedics, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel. 2. Infectious Disease Unit, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel. 3. Epidemiology Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 4. Hematology Unit, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 5. Coagulation Unit, Institution of Hematology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel. 6. Orthopedic Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a devastating complication of proximal femoral fracture surgery, related with an increased morbidity and mortality. As warfarin treatment has been described as a risk factor for SSI, we aimed to compare patient and SSI characteristics in warfarin and nonanticoagulated patients. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Level-1 trauma center. PATIENTS: Individuals 65 years of age and older with fragility hip fractures. INTERVENTION: Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: warfarin treated (n = 85) or nonanticoagulated (n = 771). Demographics, in-hospital characteristics, laboratory data, prior hospitalizations, recent antibiotic use, and 1-year incidence of SSIs and their characteristics were gathered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative SSIs. RESULTS: Twelve patients (14.1%) from the warfarin group and 21 patients (2.7%) from the noncoagulated group had SSI (P < 0.001). Both groups were comparable in terms of demographics and Charlson comorbidity score. Warfarin-treated patients had reduced white blood and neutrophils counts (10.1 ± 3.2 vs. 11.6 ± 4.0 cells/mm and 8.1 ± 3.2 vs. 9.6 ± 3.9 cells/mm for both comparisons respectively; P < 0.001 for both). They were more likely to be admitted to a geriatric ward than to orthopedics ward and were delayed to theater (58.5 ± 44.5 vs. 30.6 ± 27.4 hours; P < 0.001). Following surgery, there was no difference in blood transfusions required, in-hospital complications, or time to infection. Rates of prior hospitalizations, antibiotic use, or type of bacteria did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Warfarin treatment in fragility hip fracture surgery is correlated with an increased risk for SSI, regardless of in-hospital complications, and hospitalizations before surgery or to the infection itself. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
OBJECTIVES: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a devastating complication of proximal femoral fracture surgery, related with an increased morbidity and mortality. As warfarin treatment has been described as a risk factor for SSI, we aimed to compare patient and SSI characteristics in warfarin and nonanticoagulated patients. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Level-1 trauma center. PATIENTS: Individuals 65 years of age and older with fragility hip fractures. INTERVENTION: Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: warfarin treated (n = 85) or nonanticoagulated (n = 771). Demographics, in-hospital characteristics, laboratory data, prior hospitalizations, recent antibiotic use, and 1-year incidence of SSIs and their characteristics were gathered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative SSIs. RESULTS: Twelve patients (14.1%) from the warfarin group and 21 patients (2.7%) from the noncoagulated group had SSI (P < 0.001). Both groups were comparable in terms of demographics and Charlson comorbidity score. Warfarin-treated patients had reduced white blood and neutrophils counts (10.1 ± 3.2 vs. 11.6 ± 4.0 cells/mm and 8.1 ± 3.2 vs. 9.6 ± 3.9 cells/mm for both comparisons respectively; P < 0.001 for both). They were more likely to be admitted to a geriatric ward than to orthopedics ward and were delayed to theater (58.5 ± 44.5 vs. 30.6 ± 27.4 hours; P < 0.001). Following surgery, there was no difference in blood transfusions required, in-hospital complications, or time to infection. Rates of prior hospitalizations, antibiotic use, or type of bacteria did not differ. CONCLUSIONS:Warfarin treatment in fragility hip fracture surgery is correlated with an increased risk for SSI, regardless of in-hospital complications, and hospitalizations before surgery or to the infection itself. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.