Silymarin Attenuates ELMO-1 and KIM-1 Expression and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes.

Chronic diabetes mellitus is accompanied with overexpression of ELMO1 and KIM1 and enhanced oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of silymarin on oxidative stress markers and ELMO1 and KIM1 expression in the kidney tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Control, silymarin-treated control (60 and 120 mg/kg/day), diabetic, and silymarin-treated diabetic groups (60 and 120 mg/kg/day). Tissue levels of oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Lipid peroxidation levels in the kidney tissue were measured by fluorometric method. Insulin was determined using immunoassay. Gene expression analysis was determined by qPCR technique. The level of expression of ELMO1 and KIM1 in the diabetic groups treated with silymarin was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Total antioxidant levels and thiol groups contents increased (P < 0.001) dramatically in treated groups. A significant decrease in tissue levels of malondialdehyde and total oxidant were observed in the silymarin treated diabetic rats (P < 0.001). The results showed that the urinary amount of protein in the treatment groups was significantly lower than of diabetic control (P < 0.001). These results indicate that silymarin has a blood glucose lowering effect and, due to its antioxidant properties, increases the antioxidant parameters and reduces the oxidant markers. The administration of silymarin has beneficial effects on kidney of diabetic rats with reduction of ELMO1 and KIM1expression.