Caroline Sobotyk Oliveira1, Fabiana Raquel Ratzlaff2, Luciana Pötter3, Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão4, Sônia de Avila Botton2, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel2, Luis Antonio Sangioni2. 1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105900, Brazil. carolsobotyk@gmail.com. 2. Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105900, Brazil. 3. Programa de Pós Graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105900, Brazil. 4. Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
Abstract
PURPOSE: In the present study, we described the most prevalent clinical symptoms, the most affected organs, and the macro and microscopic lesions associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS: Two independent researchers performed an extensive systematic review of the literature in four stages (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion) to identify studies published between January 2002 and November 2018 from the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Meta-analysis was conducted in "Metaprop" package of R 3.4.2 software. RESULTS: The electronic search yielded 3896 results, out of which 155 were further analyzed based on the full-text. Data extracted from 16 articles were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total of 430 leishmaniasis cases. Only 43% of all animals were identified to exhibit the clinical and cutaneous changes characteristic of leishmaniasis based on the observation that skin lesions were the most prevalent clinical sign and were present in 86% of all cases. Other less prevalent symptoms included weight loss, cachexia, apathy and lymph node enlargement. Histopathological analysis showed that the skin was the most affected organ, affecting 64% of cases, followed by lymph nodes (12%), spleen (8%) and liver (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, our current findings suggest that cutaneous leishmaniasis could lead to visceral disease. Notably, our findings indicated no clinical manifestation patterns in cutaneous leishmaniasis, since the same host species may present different clinical conditions.
PURPOSE: In the present study, we described the most prevalent clinical symptoms, the most affected organs, and the macro and microscopic lesions associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS: Two independent researchers performed an extensive systematic review of the literature in four stages (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion) to identify studies published between January 2002 and November 2018 from the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Meta-analysis was conducted in "Metaprop" package of R 3.4.2 software. RESULTS: The electronic search yielded 3896 results, out of which 155 were further analyzed based on the full-text. Data extracted from 16 articles were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total of 430 leishmaniasis cases. Only 43% of all animals were identified to exhibit the clinical and cutaneous changes characteristic of leishmaniasis based on the observation that skin lesions were the most prevalent clinical sign and were present in 86% of all cases. Other less prevalent symptoms included weight loss, cachexia, apathy and lymph node enlargement. Histopathological analysis showed that the skin was the most affected organ, affecting 64% of cases, followed by lymph nodes (12%), spleen (8%) and liver (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, our current findings suggest that cutaneous leishmaniasis could lead to visceral disease. Notably, our findings indicated no clinical manifestation patterns in cutaneous leishmaniasis, since the same host species may present different clinical conditions.