Lisa Mather1, J Narusyte2, A Ropponen2,3, G Bergström4,5, V Blom2,6, B Helgadóttir2, P Svedberg2. 1. Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 3, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. lisa.mather@ki.se. 2. Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 3, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. 4. Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden. 6. The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate if sick leave due to mental disorders increases the risk of morbidity measured by inpatient and specialized outpatient care, and mortality among women and men, independent of familial factors. METHODS: An open cohort study of 4979 twin pairs discordant for sick leave due to mental disorders was conducted in 2005-2013. Twins were followed up in the cause of death and national patient registries until the end of study, emigration, death, and inpatient and specialized outpatient care. Conditional Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusting for the familial factors shared by the twins, was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In case of non-proportional hazards, time-varying covariates were used. RESULTS: Sick leave due to mental disorders increased the risk for inpatient care among men (HR: 1.90, CI 1.66-2.17) and women (HR: 1.39, CI 1.27-1.51). For men, the risk of outpatient care was higher the first 2 years (HR: 2.08, CI 1.87-2.31), after which it was attenuated (HR: 1.32, CI 1.02-1.70). For women, the HR was 1.57 (CI 1.47-1.68) for the whole study time. There was an increased risk of death among men (HR: 2.91, CI 1.70-4.99), but not among women (HR: 0.84, CI 0.53-1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Sick leave due to mental disorders was a risk factor for mortality for men only, and increased the risk of inpatient and specialized outpatient care among both women and men, but the risks were higher for men when stratifying for sex.
PURPOSE: To investigate if sick leave due to mental disorders increases the risk of morbidity measured by inpatient and specialized outpatient care, and mortality among women and men, independent of familial factors. METHODS: An open cohort study of 4979 twin pairs discordant for sick leave due to mental disorders was conducted in 2005-2013. Twins were followed up in the cause of death and national patient registries until the end of study, emigration, death, and inpatient and specialized outpatient care. Conditional Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusting for the familial factors shared by the twins, was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In case of non-proportional hazards, time-varying covariates were used. RESULTS: Sick leave due to mental disorders increased the risk for inpatient care among men (HR: 1.90, CI 1.66-2.17) and women (HR: 1.39, CI 1.27-1.51). For men, the risk of outpatient care was higher the first 2 years (HR: 2.08, CI 1.87-2.31), after which it was attenuated (HR: 1.32, CI 1.02-1.70). For women, the HR was 1.57 (CI 1.47-1.68) for the whole study time. There was an increased risk of death among men (HR: 2.91, CI 1.70-4.99), but not among women (HR: 0.84, CI 0.53-1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Sick leave due to mental disorders was a risk factor for mortality for men only, and increased the risk of inpatient and specialized outpatient care among both women and men, but the risks were higher for men when stratifying for sex.
Authors: Jane E Ferrie; Mika Kivimäki; Hugo Westerlund; Jenny Head; Maria Melchior; Archana Singh-Manoux; Marie Zins; Marcel Goldberg; Kristina Alexanderson; Jussi Vahtera Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 2011-01-17 Impact factor: 4.402
Authors: J E Ferrie; J Vahtera; M Kivimäki; H Westerlund; M Melchior; K Alexanderson; J Head; A Chevalier; A Leclerc; M Zins; M Goldberg; A Singh-Manoux Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2008-11-27 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: Emma Björkenstam; Gunilla Ringbäck Weitoft; Christina Lindholm; Charlotte Björkenstam; Kristina Alexanderson; Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2014-07-18 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Annina Ropponen; Mo Wang; Jurgita Narusyte; Sanna Kärkkäinen; Victoria Blom; Pia Svedberg Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-05-20 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Neda S Hashemi; Ingvild Dalen; Jens Christoffer Skogen; Hildegunn Sagvaag; David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras; Randi Wågø Aas Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2022-05-31
Authors: Annina Ropponen; Mo Wang; Jurgita Narusyte; Sanna Kärkkäinen; Victoria Blom; Pia Svedberg Journal: BMC Health Serv Res Date: 2021-04-07 Impact factor: 2.655
Authors: Annina Ropponen; Jurgita Narusyte; Mo Wang; Sanna Kärkkäinen; Lisa Mather; Victoria Blom; Gunnar Bergström; Pia Svedberg Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2021-12-28 Impact factor: 2.851