Foad Taghdiri1, Namita Multani1, Apameh Tarazi1, Seyed Ali Naeimi1, Mozghan Khodadadi1, Carrie Esopenko1, Robin Green1, Brenda Colella1, Richard Wennberg1, David Mikulis1, Karen Deborah Davis1, Ruma Goswami1, Charles Tator1, Brian Levine1, Maria Carmela Tartaglia2. 1. From the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (F.T., N.M., M.C.T.), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (R. Green, B.C.), Institute of Medical Science (R. Green, R.W., D.M., K.D.D., C.T., B.L., M.C.T.), Department of Surgery (K.D.D.), and Department of Psychology and Neurology (B.L.), University of Toronto; Canadian Concussion Center (F.T., A.T., S.A.N., M.K., R. Green, B.C., R.W., D.M., K.D.D., R. Goswami, C.T., M.C.T.) and Division of Neurosurgery (C.T.), Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network; Division of Neurology (A.T., S.A.N., R.W., M.C.T.) and Division of Neuroradiology (D.M.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network; and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest (C.E.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2. From the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (F.T., N.M., M.C.T.), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (R. Green, B.C.), Institute of Medical Science (R. Green, R.W., D.M., K.D.D., C.T., B.L., M.C.T.), Department of Surgery (K.D.D.), and Department of Psychology and Neurology (B.L.), University of Toronto; Canadian Concussion Center (F.T., A.T., S.A.N., M.K., R. Green, B.C., R.W., D.M., K.D.D., R. Goswami, C.T., M.C.T.) and Division of Neurosurgery (C.T.), Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network; Division of Neurology (A.T., S.A.N., R.W., M.C.T.) and Division of Neuroradiology (D.M.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network; and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest (C.E.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. carmela.tartaglia@uhn.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify CSF biomarkers that are related to decreased white matter (WM) integrity and poor cognitive performance in former professional athletes with a history of multiple concussions. METHODS: Concentrations of phosphorylated tau181, total tau (t-tau), and β-amyloid in the CSF were measured in 3 groups: 22 former professional athletes with multiple concussions (mean ± SD age 55.9 ± 12.2 years), 5 healthy controls (age 57.4 ± 5.2 years), and 12 participants (age 60.0 ± 6.6 years) diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). All participants in the former athletes group underwent diffusion tensor imaging to determine WM tract integrity and completed neuropsychological testing. We divided the former athletes group into those with normal (<300 pg/mL) and high (>300 pg/mL) CSF t-tau. RESULTS: CSF t-tau in the former athletes group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (349.3 ± 182.6 vs 188.8 ± 39.9 pg/mL, p = 0.003) and significantly lower than in the patients with AD (349.3 ± 182.6 vs 857.0 ± 449.3 pg/mL, p = 0.007). Fractional anisotropy values across all the tracts were significantly lower in the high CSF t-tau group compared to the normal CSF t-tau group (p = 0.036). Participants in the high CSF t-tau group scored significantly lower on the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part B compared to the normal CSF t-tau group (t scores 45.6 ± 18.8 vs 62.3 ± 10.1, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that former athletes with multiple concussions are at increased risk of elevated levels of CSF t-tau and that high CSF t-tau is associated with reduced WM integrity and worse scores on the TMT Part B.
OBJECTIVE: To identify CSF biomarkers that are related to decreased white matter (WM) integrity and poor cognitive performance in former professional athletes with a history of multiple concussions. METHODS: Concentrations of phosphorylated tau181, total tau (t-tau), and β-amyloid in the CSF were measured in 3 groups: 22 former professional athletes with multiple concussions (mean ± SD age 55.9 ± 12.2 years), 5 healthy controls (age 57.4 ± 5.2 years), and 12 participants (age 60.0 ± 6.6 years) diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). All participants in the former athletes group underwent diffusion tensor imaging to determine WM tract integrity and completed neuropsychological testing. We divided the former athletes group into those with normal (<300 pg/mL) and high (>300 pg/mL) CSF t-tau. RESULTS:CSF t-tau in the former athletes group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (349.3 ± 182.6 vs 188.8 ± 39.9 pg/mL, p = 0.003) and significantly lower than in the patients with AD (349.3 ± 182.6 vs 857.0 ± 449.3 pg/mL, p = 0.007). Fractional anisotropy values across all the tracts were significantly lower in the high CSF t-tau group compared to the normal CSF t-tau group (p = 0.036). Participants in the high CSF t-tau group scored significantly lower on the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part B compared to the normal CSF t-tau group (t scores 45.6 ± 18.8 vs 62.3 ± 10.1, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that former athletes with multiple concussions are at increased risk of elevated levels of CSF t-tau and that high CSF t-tau is associated with reduced WM integrity and worse scores on the TMT Part B.
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