Sophie Barrere1, Nicolas Reina2, Ove A Peters3, Lucie Rapp1, Jean-Noel Vergnes4, Delphine Maret5. 1. Dental Faculty, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU de Toulouse), 3, chemin des Maraichers, 31400 Toulouse, France. 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, hôpital Pierre-Paul-Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place du Dr Baylac TSA 4003131059, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; UMR 5288 CNRS, UPS, AMIS Laboratory, laboratoire anthropologie moléculaire et imagerie de synthèse, université de Toulouse, 37, allée Jules-Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France. 3. Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry University of the Pacific, 2155 Webster St # 615, CA 94115 San Francisco, CA, United States. 4. Dental Faculty, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU de Toulouse), 3, chemin des Maraichers, 31400 Toulouse, France; Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, H3A1G1 Montréal, Québec, Canada. 5. Dental Faculty, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU de Toulouse), 3, chemin des Maraichers, 31400 Toulouse, France; UMR 5288 CNRS, UPS, AMIS Laboratory, laboratoire anthropologie moléculaire et imagerie de synthèse, université de Toulouse, 37, allée Jules-Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: comtesse-maret.d@chu-toulouse.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of infection after orthopedic surgery, patients are asked to undergo preoperative assessments in various medical domains. However, to our knowledge, there has been no systematic review to evaluate the performance of a preoperative dental assessment before orthopedic surgery. We focus on two questions as follows: (1) is there a link between the presence of preoperative dental assessment and orthopedic infections?; (2) is the probability of an orthopedic infection increased in the presence of dental risk factors and comorbidities? PATIENTS AND METHODS: Databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library databases and Google Scholar were searched for English-language articles until November 2018. The inclusion criteria were descriptions of infections of joint prostheses and dental infections, and potential dental origins of pathogenic infections. Studies dealing with oral assessments performed before orthopedic surgery were included. RESULTS: Based on eligibility criteria, 12 case series, 4 case-control studies and 12 cohort studies were included. In case-controls, prosthesis infection was presumably associated with a dental abscess in 6/224 of cases (2.9%). In cohort studies, exposure was defined as "any dental assessment or dental treatment performed before surgery". Even if only 4 cohort studies provide this information exposure, it would seem that the presence of an infectious complication is less frequent if the preoperative examination has been performed. Dental treatment given before surgery was mainly for scaling-polishing in 78/205 (38%), extraction in 49/205 of cases (24%) and restorative work in 37/205 (18%). DISCUSSION: The literature review was made complex by the substantial heterogeneity among included studies. Although there is no formal evidence for or against preoperative dental assessment, it is advisable to perform this with the aim of maintaining favorable oral hygiene and thus reduce the risk factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, systematic review.
BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of infection after orthopedic surgery, patients are asked to undergo preoperative assessments in various medical domains. However, to our knowledge, there has been no systematic review to evaluate the performance of a preoperative dental assessment before orthopedic surgery. We focus on two questions as follows: (1) is there a link between the presence of preoperative dental assessment and orthopedic infections?; (2) is the probability of an orthopedic infection increased in the presence of dental risk factors and comorbidities? PATIENTS AND METHODS: Databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library databases and Google Scholar were searched for English-language articles until November 2018. The inclusion criteria were descriptions of infections of joint prostheses and dental infections, and potential dental origins of pathogenic infections. Studies dealing with oral assessments performed before orthopedic surgery were included. RESULTS: Based on eligibility criteria, 12 case series, 4 case-control studies and 12 cohort studies were included. In case-controls, prosthesis infection was presumably associated with a dental abscess in 6/224 of cases (2.9%). In cohort studies, exposure was defined as "any dental assessment or dental treatment performed before surgery". Even if only 4 cohort studies provide this information exposure, it would seem that the presence of an infectious complication is less frequent if the preoperative examination has been performed. Dental treatment given before surgery was mainly for scaling-polishing in 78/205 (38%), extraction in 49/205 of cases (24%) and restorative work in 37/205 (18%). DISCUSSION: The literature review was made complex by the substantial heterogeneity among included studies. Although there is no formal evidence for or against preoperative dental assessment, it is advisable to perform this with the aim of maintaining favorable oral hygiene and thus reduce the risk factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, systematic review.
Authors: Joseph R Young; Annika L Bannon; Afshin A Anoushiravani; Andrew D Posner; Curtis T Adams; Matthew R DiCaprio Journal: J Orthop Date: 2021-02-20