Megan E Piper1, Timothy B Baker1, Neal L Benowitz2, Douglas E Jorenby1. 1. Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 2. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dual use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a growing use pattern; more than half of e-cigarette users are dual users. However, little is known regarding the course of dual use; for example, the likelihood of discontinuation of either combustible or e-cigarettes or both. METHODS: Adult daily smokers and dual users (daily smokers who also vaped at least once per week) who did not intend to quit use of either product in the next 30 days participated in a longitudinal, observational study (N = 322, 51.2% women, 62.7% white, mean age = 42.27 [SD = 14.05]). At baseline, participants completed demographics and smoking and vaping history assessments. They also reported daily cigarette and e-cigarette use via timeline follow-back assessment and provided a breath sample for carbon monoxide assay at 4-month intervals for 1 year. RESULTS: Of those who completed the year 1 follow-up, 1.9% baseline smokers and 8.0% dual users achieved biochemically confirmed seven-day point-prevalence abstinence from combustible cigarettes (χ2 = 4.57, p = .03). Of initial dual users, by 1 year 43.9% were smoking only, 48.8% continued dual use, 5.9% were vaping only, and 1.4% abstained from both products. Among baseline smokers, 92.3% continued as exclusive smokers. Baseline dual users who continued e-cigarette use were more likely to be white and report higher baseline e-cigarette dependence. CONCLUSIONS: In this community sample, the majority of dual users transitioned to exclusive smoking. A higher percentage of dual users quit smoking than smokers, but attrition and baseline differences between the groups compromise strong conclusions. Sustained e-cigarette use was related to baseline e-cigarette dependence. IMPLICATIONS: This research suggests that dual use of combustible and e-cigarettes is not a sustained pattern for the majority of dual users, but it is more likely to be a continued pattern if the user is more dependent on e-cigarettes. There was evidence that dual users were more likely to quit smoking than exclusive smokers, but this may be due to factors other than their dual use.
BACKGROUND: Dual use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a growing use pattern; more than half of e-cigarette users are dual users. However, little is known regarding the course of dual use; for example, the likelihood of discontinuation of either combustible or e-cigarettes or both. METHODS: Adult daily smokers and dual users (daily smokers who also vaped at least once per week) who did not intend to quit use of either product in the next 30 days participated in a longitudinal, observational study (N = 322, 51.2% women, 62.7% white, mean age = 42.27 [SD = 14.05]). At baseline, participants completed demographics and smoking and vaping history assessments. They also reported daily cigarette and e-cigarette use via timeline follow-back assessment and provided a breath sample for carbon monoxide assay at 4-month intervals for 1 year. RESULTS: Of those who completed the year 1 follow-up, 1.9% baseline smokers and 8.0% dual users achieved biochemically confirmed seven-day point-prevalence abstinence from combustible cigarettes (χ2 = 4.57, p = .03). Of initial dual users, by 1 year 43.9% were smoking only, 48.8% continued dual use, 5.9% were vaping only, and 1.4% abstained from both products. Among baseline smokers, 92.3% continued as exclusive smokers. Baseline dual users who continued e-cigarette use were more likely to be white and report higher baseline e-cigarette dependence. CONCLUSIONS: In this community sample, the majority of dual users transitioned to exclusive smoking. A higher percentage of dual users quit smoking than smokers, but attrition and baseline differences between the groups compromise strong conclusions. Sustained e-cigarette use was related to baseline e-cigarette dependence. IMPLICATIONS: This research suggests that dual use of combustible and e-cigarettes is not a sustained pattern for the majority of dual users, but it is more likely to be a continued pattern if the user is more dependent on e-cigarettes. There was evidence that dual users were more likely to quit smoking than exclusive smokers, but this may be due to factors other than their dual use.
Authors: Stevens S Smith; Megan E Piper; Daniel M Bolt; Michael C Fiore; David W Wetter; Paul M Cinciripini; Timothy B Baker Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2010-03-15 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Wael K Al-Delaimy; Mark G Myers; Eric C Leas; David R Strong; C Richard Hofstetter Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2015-04-16 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Kathryn C Ross; Noah R Gubner; Rachel F Tyndale; Larry W Hawk; Caryn Lerman; Tony P George; Paul Cinciripini; Robert A Schnoll; Neal L Benowitz Journal: Pharmacol Biochem Behav Date: 2016-05-11 Impact factor: 3.533
Authors: Teresa W Wang; Kat Asman; Andrea S Gentzke; Karen A Cullen; Enver Holder-Hayes; Carolyn Reyes-Guzman; Ahmed Jamal; Linda Neff; Brian A King Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2018-11-09 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Luis Zavala-Arciniega; Inti Barrientos-Gutiérrez; Edna Arillo-Santillán; Katia Gallegos-Carrillo; Rosibel Rodríguez-Bolaños; James F Thrasher Journal: Salud Publica Mex Date: 2021-07-29
Authors: Ursula Martinez; Vani N Simmons; Steven K Sutton; David J Drobes; Lauren R Meltzer; Karen O Brandon; Margaret M Byrne; Paul T Harrell; Thomas Eissenberg; Christopher R Bullen; Thomas H Brandon Journal: Lancet Public Health Date: 2021-07
Authors: Andrew F Brouwer; Jihyoun Jeon; Jana L Hirschtick; Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza; Ritesh Mistry; Irina V Bondarenko; Stephanie R Land; Theodore R Holford; David T Levy; Jeremy M G Taylor; Nancy L Fleischer; Rafael Meza Journal: Tob Control Date: 2020-11-16 Impact factor: 7.552