Elizabeth Ingram1, Rebecca Jones2, Peter Schofield3, Claire Henderson4. 1. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, UK. e.ingram.17@ucl.ac.uk. 2. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, UK. 3. School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Addison House, Guy's Campus, London, UK. 4. Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore how small area deprivation is associated with attitudes towards mental illness in a large sample of individuals living in private households in England. METHOD: Cross-sectional data from Health Survey for England (2014) were analysed using multilevel models. The exposure of interest was the deprivation level of the small area in which an individual resides as measured by Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score. The primary outcome was an individual's overall attitude towards mental illness, measured using a 12 item version of the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale. Further outcomes were the two subscales of the CAMI, reflecting attitudes of (1) prejudice and exclusion and (2) tolerance and support. Individuals were nested within household and small geographical area. RESULTS: 5820 participants were included. Results from unadjusted models found strong evidence that individuals residing in the most deprived areas of England have worse attitudes towards mental illness compared to individuals living in the least deprived areas (estimated difference = - 3.5 points; 95% CI - 4.8 to - 2.2; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, education level, ethnicity and weekly income there was no longer evidence for this association (adjusted difference = - 0.1 points, 95% CI - 1.3 to 1.2; P = 0.931). Similar patterns of results were found for the CAMI subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between small area-level deprivation and attitudes towards mental illness is no longer observed when controlling for certain individual-level characteristics.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore how small area deprivation is associated with attitudes towards mental illness in a large sample of individuals living in private households in England. METHOD: Cross-sectional data from Health Survey for England (2014) were analysed using multilevel models. The exposure of interest was the deprivation level of the small area in which an individual resides as measured by Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score. The primary outcome was an individual's overall attitude towards mental illness, measured using a 12 item version of the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale. Further outcomes were the two subscales of the CAMI, reflecting attitudes of (1) prejudice and exclusion and (2) tolerance and support. Individuals were nested within household and small geographical area. RESULTS: 5820 participants were included. Results from unadjusted models found strong evidence that individuals residing in the most deprived areas of England have worse attitudes towards mental illness compared to individuals living in the least deprived areas (estimated difference = - 3.5 points; 95% CI - 4.8 to - 2.2; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, education level, ethnicity and weekly income there was no longer evidence for this association (adjusted difference = - 0.1 points, 95% CI - 1.3 to 1.2; P = 0.931). Similar patterns of results were found for the CAMI subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between small area-level deprivation and attitudes towards mental illness is no longer observed when controlling for certain individual-level characteristics.
Authors: S Clement; O Schauman; T Graham; F Maggioni; S Evans-Lacko; N Bezborodovs; C Morgan; N Rüsch; J S L Brown; G Thornicroft Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2014-02-26 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: C Henderson; E Robinson; S Evans-Lacko; E Corker; I Rebollo-Mesa; D Rose; G Thornicroft Journal: Acta Psychiatr Scand Date: 2016-08 Impact factor: 6.392