Mark L McMulkin1, Shelley Mader2, Tayler Elizondo2, Glen O Baird2. 1. Walter E. and Agnes M. Griffin Motion Analysis Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children® - Spokane, 911 W. 5th, Spokane, WA 99204, USA. Electronic address: mmcmulkin@shrinenet.org. 2. Walter E. and Agnes M. Griffin Motion Analysis Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children® - Spokane, 911 W. 5th, Spokane, WA 99204, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Common pediatric pathologic foot presentations include cavovarus and planovalgus feet. Flexibility of the hindfoot is established for these two clinical presentations through the Coleman block (eversion) and tiptoe tests (inversion). RESEARCH QUESTION: The purposes of this study are to establish typical quantitative eversion and inversion motion of the hindfoot during Coleman block and tiptoe tests using 3-D motion capture and demonstrate feasibility of using this data to assist in making treatment decisions. METHODS: Segmented foot model kinematics were collected for this prospective descriptive study with a focus on coronal plane inversion and eversion of the hindfoot relative to the tibia. Typical standing hindfoot position, with the feet plantigrade, was determined prior to performing the tiptoe test. Maximum hindfoot inversion was extracted from the tiptoe test. Maximum hindfoot eversion was extracted from the Coleman block tests. RESULTS: 32 typically developing subjects (age range 5-21 years) completed this study. Hindfoot motion data showed a mean standing foot position of 1 ° eversion, 10 degrees inversion during tiptoe test and 6 degrees eversion during the Coleman block test. SIGNIFICANCE: Establishing control values for hindfoot flexibility can assist with making clinical treatment decisions for disorders of the foot. At our center, clients who present to the Motion Analysis Center with foot concerns receive segmented foot model quantitative assessment of hindfoot flexibility with Coleman block and tiptoe tests as appropriate.
BACKGROUND: Common pediatric pathologic foot presentations include cavovarus and planovalgus feet. Flexibility of the hindfoot is established for these two clinical presentations through the Coleman block (eversion) and tiptoe tests (inversion). RESEARCH QUESTION: The purposes of this study are to establish typical quantitative eversion and inversion motion of the hindfoot during Coleman block and tiptoe tests using 3-D motion capture and demonstrate feasibility of using this data to assist in making treatment decisions. METHODS: Segmented foot model kinematics were collected for this prospective descriptive study with a focus on coronal plane inversion and eversion of the hindfoot relative to the tibia. Typical standing hindfoot position, with the feet plantigrade, was determined prior to performing the tiptoe test. Maximum hindfoot inversion was extracted from the tiptoe test. Maximum hindfoot eversion was extracted from the Coleman block tests. RESULTS: 32 typically developing subjects (age range 5-21 years) completed this study. Hindfoot motion data showed a mean standing foot position of 1 ° eversion, 10 degrees inversion during tiptoe test and 6 degrees eversion during the Coleman block test. SIGNIFICANCE: Establishing control values for hindfoot flexibility can assist with making clinical treatment decisions for disorders of the foot. At our center, clients who present to the Motion Analysis Center with foot concerns receive segmented foot model quantitative assessment of hindfoot flexibility with Coleman block and tiptoe tests as appropriate.
Authors: Ian M Foran; Nasima Mehraban; Stephen K Jacobsen; Daniel D Bohl; Johnny Lin; Kamran S Hamid; Simon Lee Journal: Foot Ankle Orthop Date: 2020-07-30