Highly sensitive immunoassay for the alpha subunit of the GTP-binding protein go and its regional distribution in bovine brain.

Antisera were raised in rabbits against the alpha subunit of a GTP-binding protein, Go. Because the antisera cross-reacted weakly with the alpha subunit of inhibitory GTP-binding protein of adenylate cyclase (Gi), they were purified with a Go alpha-coupled Sepharose column. Purified antibodies reacted only with Go alpha and did not cross-react with the Gi alpha subunit or beta gamma subunits in an immunoblot assay. Using these purified antibodies, a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay method for the quantification of bovine brain Go alpha was developed. The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibody F(ab')2 fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The minimal detection limit of the assay was 0.1 fmol, or 4 pg. The assay was specific for Go alpha, and it did not cross-react with Gi alpha or beta gamma. Samples from various regions of bovine brain were solubilized with 2% sodium cholate and 1 M NaCl, and the concentrations of Go alpha were determined. Go alpha was detected in all the regions, and the highest concentration was observed in the cerebral cortex. The immunohistochemical study showed that the neuropil was rich in Go alpha.