W Alex Mason1, Mary B Chmelka1, Irina Patwardhan1, Stacy-Ann A January2, Charles B Fleming3, Jukka Savolainen4, Jouko Miettunen5,6, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin7,8,9. 1. a Child and Family Translational Research Center , Boys Town , Boys Town , Nebraska , USA. 2. b Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA. 3. c Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA. 4. d Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), Institute for Social Research , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA. 5. e Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland. 6. f Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland. 7. g Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London , UK. 8. h Biocenter Oulu and Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland. 9. i Unit of Primary Care , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.
Abstract
Background: Exposure to cumulative contextual risk within the family early in life increases children's risk for substance involvement and related difficulties, including school failure, in adolescence and young adulthood. However, potential protective factors that buffer these risk associations are relatively untested, yet such tests are needed to improve existing preventive interventions for enhancing resilience among vulnerable children. Objectives: This study tested child reading engagement with parents at home as a moderator of cumulative family risk associations with adolescent substance use and academic performance as well as young adult substance abuse. Methods: Population register data as well as parent-report and adolescent-report data from 6,963 participants of the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort study were analyzed via structural equation modeling with latent variable interactions. Results: Results showed that child reading engagement moderated the associations of cumulative family risk with both adolescent academic performance and young adult substance abuse, but not with adolescent substance use. The highest levels of academic performance were observed under conditions of low risk and high reading engagement. Interestingly, cumulative family risk had a small positive association with substance abuse when reading engagement was low and a negative association with the young adult outcome when reading engagement was high. Conclusions/Importance: Moderation tests revealed complex interaction forms that may have implications for both theory and family-based preventive interventions.
Background: Exposure to cumulative contextual risk within the family early in life increases children's risk for substance involvement and related difficulties, including school failure, in adolescence and young adulthood. However, potential protective factors that buffer these risk associations are relatively untested, yet such tests are needed to improve existing preventive interventions for enhancing resilience among vulnerable children. Objectives: This study tested child reading engagement with parents at home as a moderator of cumulative family risk associations with adolescent substance use and academic performance as well as young adult substance abuse. Methods: Population register data as well as parent-report and adolescent-report data from 6,963 participants of the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort study were analyzed via structural equation modeling with latent variable interactions. Results: Results showed that child reading engagement moderated the associations of cumulative family risk with both adolescent academic performance and young adult substance abuse, but not with adolescent substance use. The highest levels of academic performance were observed under conditions of low risk and high reading engagement. Interestingly, cumulative family risk had a small positive association with substance abuse when reading engagement was low and a negative association with the young adult outcome when reading engagement was high. Conclusions/Importance: Moderation tests revealed complex interaction forms that may have implications for both theory and family-based preventive interventions.
Authors: V J Felitti; R F Anda; D Nordenberg; D F Williamson; A M Spitz; V Edwards; M P Koss; J S Marks Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 1998-05 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: J Miettunen; G K Murray; P B Jones; P Mäki; H Ebeling; A Taanila; M Joukamaa; J Savolainen; S Törmänen; M-R Järvelin; J Veijola; I Moilanen Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2013-09-13 Impact factor: 7.723