Chris H C Yeung1, Jimmy C Y Louie2. 1. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health. 2. Discipline of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High-sugar intake has been linked to increased risk of diseases but an accurate assessment of added/free sugar intake has always been a challenge in research. This review summarizes the methodologies for assessing added/free sugar intake reported in recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Four different methods for added/free sugar-intake assessment are discussed, including the carbon isotope ratio (δC) method, Food Patterns Equivalent Database, disaggregation method and the 10-step systematic method. These methods have different strengths and limitations in terms of requirement for background knowledge, flexibility to sugar definition, level of subjectivity, accuracy and needs for recalculation/modification when used in different countries or food products. SUMMARY: Although advances have been made in the methodologies for assessing added/free sugar intake, accurate assessment continues to be difficult. Of the methods reviewed, the 10-step systematic method could be a simpler method to provide relatively accurate estimation of added/free sugar intake. Further improvements or combining with other methods may allow more accurate and flexible estimation. Development of a completely objective biomarker for added/free sugar intake is unlikely to be achievable, therefore future research may need to focus on developing correction equations for use with biomarkers such as δC to improve their specificity to added/free sugar intake.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High-sugar intake has been linked to increased risk of diseases but an accurate assessment of added/free sugar intake has always been a challenge in research. This review summarizes the methodologies for assessing added/free sugar intake reported in recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Four different methods for added/free sugar-intake assessment are discussed, including the carbon isotope ratio (δC) method, Food Patterns Equivalent Database, disaggregation method and the 10-step systematic method. These methods have different strengths and limitations in terms of requirement for background knowledge, flexibility to sugar definition, level of subjectivity, accuracy and needs for recalculation/modification when used in different countries or food products. SUMMARY: Although advances have been made in the methodologies for assessing added/free sugar intake, accurate assessment continues to be difficult. Of the methods reviewed, the 10-step systematic method could be a simpler method to provide relatively accurate estimation of added/free sugar intake. Further improvements or combining with other methods may allow more accurate and flexible estimation. Development of a completely objective biomarker for added/free sugar intake is unlikely to be achievable, therefore future research may need to focus on developing correction equations for use with biomarkers such as δC to improve their specificity to added/free sugar intake.
Authors: Leila Cheikh Ismail; Ayesha S Al Dhaheri; Sarah Ibrahim; Habiba I Ali; Fatima Al Zahraa Chokor; Lynda M O'Neill; Maysm N Mohamad; Amira Kassis; Wafaa Ayesh; Samer Kharroubi; Nahla Hwalla Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2022-02-15 Impact factor: 3.295