A Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness-Based Therapies for Insomnia and Sleep Disturbance: Moving Towards Processes of Change.

Mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs) are increasingly being investigated as a treatment for insomnia and general sleep disturbance, but significant gaps remain in the evidence base. In this article, the authors present (1) a unifying psychological process model that relates mindfulness to sleep; (2) a systematic review of the literature reporting on trials of MBTs for insomnia and sleep disturbance, which includes an assessment of quality of trial reporting, adaptation of MBTs for sleep, and whether mindfulness practice was associated with effects observed; and (3) a meta-analysis of MBTs for insomnia and sleep disturbance compared with attention/education and waitlist control groups.