Alexandre A da Silva1, Jussara M do Carmo2, Zhen Wang2, John E Hall2. 1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA. asilva@umc.edu. 2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight the role of the brain melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Although excess weight gain is associated with at least two thirds of primary hypertension cases, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain the subject of intense investigation. Multiple studies demonstrate an important role for increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in development and maintenance of hypertension, and that the brain MC4R modulates SNS activity to thermogenic, cardiovascular, and kidney tissues. These studies also support the concept that MC4R activation is critical for obesity-induced hypertension as well as other forms of hypertension associated with increased SNS activity. MC4R is a potential target for antiobesity therapy, although there are challenges in using MC4R agonists to induce weight loss without evoking increases in SNS activity.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight the role of the brain melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS:Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Although excess weight gain is associated with at least two thirds of primary hypertension cases, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain the subject of intense investigation. Multiple studies demonstrate an important role for increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in development and maintenance of hypertension, and that the brain MC4R modulates SNS activity to thermogenic, cardiovascular, and kidney tissues. These studies also support the concept that MC4R activation is critical for obesity-induced hypertension as well as other forms of hypertension associated with increased SNS activity. MC4R is a potential target for antiobesity therapy, although there are challenges in using MC4R agonists to induce weight loss without evoking increases in SNS activity.
Entities:
Keywords:
Appetite; Blood pressure; Body weight; Heart rate; MC4R; Obesity
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