Oscar Hultman1, Tracy Beth Høeg2, Inger Christine Munch3,4, Christina Ellervik4,5,6, Morten la Cour4,7, Marita Andersson Grönlund1,8, Helena Buch Hesgaard1,8,9. 1. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 2. Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. 4. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. Department of Production, Research, and Innovation, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark. 6. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 8. Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. 9. Copenhagen Eye & Strabismus Clinic, Capio-CFR Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of strabismus among Danish adults and to find the frequency of history of strabismus and strabismus surgery. Furthermore, to evaluate the prevalence of strabismus-associated amblyopia among participants with strabismus and to relate the results to the current national vision screening programme. METHODS: In total, 3785 adults in the Danish Rural Eye Study underwent an interview regarding eye health, visual acuity measurement, Hirschberg test and retinal photography. Participants were categorized into groups based on their birth date in relation to the introduction of the national vision screening programme. RESULTS: In total, the prevalence of strabismus was 1.1% (41/3785; 95% CI: 0.8-1.5); no differences were found in relation to gender or screening status. The prevalence of exotropia (XT) was 0.3% (12/3785; 95% CI: 0.2-0.6) and of esotropia (ET) 0.8% (29/3785; 95% CI: 0.5-1.1), resulting in an XT:ET ratio of 1:2.7. A history of strabismus was present in 4.6% (174/3785; 95% CI: 4.0-5.3), and a history of strabismus surgery was present in 0.8% (32/3785; 95% CI: 0.6-1.2) of the participants. Among participants with manifest strabismus, 24% had strabismus-associated amblyopia. CONCLUSION: In this first European population-based study of strabismus prevalence in adults, the prevalence was similar to three out of five previous studies using cover test. The use of Hirschberg test may have led to an underestimation of the true prevalence. The prevalence was neither related to screening status nor gender. Our results are the first to display a predominance of ET among Caucasian Scandinavian adults.
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of strabismus among Danish adults and to find the frequency of history of strabismus and strabismus surgery. Furthermore, to evaluate the prevalence of strabismus-associated amblyopia among participants with strabismus and to relate the results to the current national vision screening programme. METHODS: In total, 3785 adults in the Danish Rural Eye Study underwent an interview regarding eye health, visual acuity measurement, Hirschberg test and retinal photography. Participants were categorized into groups based on their birth date in relation to the introduction of the national vision screening programme. RESULTS: In total, the prevalence of strabismus was 1.1% (41/3785; 95% CI: 0.8-1.5); no differences were found in relation to gender or screening status. The prevalence of exotropia (XT) was 0.3% (12/3785; 95% CI: 0.2-0.6) and of esotropia (ET) 0.8% (29/3785; 95% CI: 0.5-1.1), resulting in an XT:ET ratio of 1:2.7. A history of strabismus was present in 4.6% (174/3785; 95% CI: 4.0-5.3), and a history of strabismus surgery was present in 0.8% (32/3785; 95% CI: 0.6-1.2) of the participants. Among participants with manifest strabismus, 24% had strabismus-associated amblyopia. CONCLUSION: In this first European population-based study of strabismus prevalence in adults, the prevalence was similar to three out of five previous studies using cover test. The use of Hirschberg test may have led to an underestimation of the true prevalence. The prevalence was neither related to screening status nor gender. Our results are the first to display a predominance of ET among Caucasian Scandinavian adults.
Authors: Bekalu Getahun Agaje; Demoze Delelegne; Elias Abera; Kindie Desta; Mikael Girum; Mulat Mossie; Daniel Eshetu; Agete Tadewos Hirigo Journal: J Int Med Res Date: 2020-10 Impact factor: 1.671