Sharon Flora Kramer1,2, Stanley Hughwa Hung3, Amy Brodtmann4,5. 1. The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia. sharon.kramer@florey.edu.au. 2. NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation & Brain Recovery, Callaghan, Australia. sharon.kramer@florey.edu.au. 3. Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 4. The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia. 5. Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Summarising the evidence for pre- and post-stroke physical activity (PA) and exercise to reduce stroke risk, and improve recovery and brain health. RECENT FINDINGS: Pre-stroke PA reduces the risk of stroke, and post-stroke PA and exercise reduce cardiovascular risk factors, which can moderate the risk of recurrent strokes. Pre-clinical evidence indicates that exercise enhances neuroplasticity. The results from clinical studies showed that exercise changes brain activity patterns in stroke survivors, which can be a signal neuroplasticity. The intensity of pre- and post-stroke PA and exercise is a key factor with higher intensities leading to greater benefits, including improvement in fitness. Having low fitness levels is an independent predictor for increased risk of stroke. Higher intensity leads to greater benefits; however, the optimum intensity of PA and exercise is yet unknown and needs to be further investigated. Strategies to decrease sedentary behaviour and improve fitness need to be considered.
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Summarising the evidence for pre- and post-stroke physical activity (PA) and exercise to reduce stroke risk, and improve recovery and brain health. RECENT FINDINGS: Pre-stroke PA reduces the risk of stroke, and post-stroke PA and exercise reduce cardiovascular risk factors, which can moderate the risk of recurrent strokes. Pre-clinical evidence indicates that exercise enhances neuroplasticity. The results from clinical studies showed that exercise changes brain activity patterns in stroke survivors, which can be a signal neuroplasticity. The intensity of pre- and post-stroke PA and exercise is a key factor with higher intensities leading to greater benefits, including improvement in fitness. Having low fitness levels is an independent predictor for increased risk of stroke. Higher intensity leads to greater benefits; however, the optimum intensity of PA and exercise is yet unknown and needs to be further investigated. Strategies to decrease sedentary behaviour and improve fitness need to be considered.
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