Pharmacovigilance Systems in Arab Countries: Overview of 22 Arab Countries.

Pharmacovigilance has received much attention in Arab countries recently due to the development of new regulations. However, there are differences in the progression of pharmacovigilance systems by regulatory agencies in these countries because only some are able to meet the requirements for conducting pharmacovigilance activities. Only 45% of Arab countries are official members of the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring. Countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan are considered to be advanced pharmacovigilance countries, whereas other countries such as Libya, Yemen, and Palestine remain in the very early stages of implementing and developing pharmacovigilance systems. Countries such as Somalia, Djibouti, Mauritania, and Comoros Island have no pharmacovigilance system or culture. Asian Arab countries have some advantages over those in Africa because 50% of them are a part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), meaning that most of them can utilize similar approaches for the application of the majority of activities related to the healthcare system, including pharmacovigilance. Thus, participating in the GCC enables increased connections among these countries. However, one of the strengths in Africa is that Morocco is partnering with the WHO through the WHO Collaborating Center to enhance and strengthen pharmacovigilance across the Eastern Mediterranean Region and the Francophone and Arab countries. This partnership could have a role in enhancing the pharmacovigilance culture among African Arab countries. This review provides a general overview of the current situation regarding regulatory agencies related to pharmacovigilance in Arab countries.