Statistical physics of language maps in the USA.

Spatial linguistic surveys often reveal well-defined geographical zones where certain linguistic forms are dominant over their alternatives. It has been suggested that these patterns may be understood by analogy with coarsening in models of two-dimensional physical systems. Here we investigate this connection by comparing data from the Cambridge Online Survey of World Englishes to the behavior of a generalized zero temperature Potts model with long-range interactions. The relative displacements of linguistically similar population centers reveal enhanced east-west affinity. Cluster analysis reveals three distinct linguistic zones. We find that when the interaction kernel is made anisotropic by stretching along the east-west axis, the model can reproduce the three linguistic zones for all interaction parameters tested. The model results are consistent with a view held by some linguists that, in the USA, language use is, or has been, exchanged or transmitted to a greater extent along the east-west axis than the north-south.