Quantitative pancreatic MRI: a pathology-based review.

MRI plays an important role in the clinical management of pancreatic disorders and interpretation is reliant on qualitative assessment of anatomy. Conventional sequences capturing pancreatic structure can however be adapted to yield quantitative measures which provide more diagnostic information, with a view to increasing diagnostic accuracy, improving patient stratification, providing robust non-invasive outcome measures for therapeutic trials and ultimately personalizing patient care. In this review, we evaluate the use of established techniques such as secretin-enhanced MR cholangiopancreatography, diffusion-weighted imaging, T 1, T 2* and fat fraction mapping, but also more experimental methods such as MR elastography and arterial spin labelling, and their application to the assessment of diffuse pancreatic disease (including chronic, acute and autoimmune pancreatitis/IgG4 disease, metabolic disease and iron deposition disorders) and cystic/solid focal pancreatic masses. Finally, we explore some of the broader challenges to their implementation and future directions in this promising area.