Mobilisation of a small Acinetobacter plasmid carrying an oriT transfer origin by conjugative RepAci6 plasmids.

Most Acinetobacter plasmids are genus specific but their properties have not been investigated. Small plasmids with Rep_3 family replication initiation proteins and iterons are common in Acinetobacter baumannii and often carry antibiotic resistance genes and toxin-antitoxin systems. A RepAci1 plasmid, carrying the carbapenem resistance gene oxa23 in Tn2006 and a RepAci2 plasmid carrying the amikacin (kanamycin and neomycin) resistance gene aphA6 in TnaphA6 were identified. These two plasmids have related rep regions; the consensus 22 bp iteron repeats differ only at three positions and the RepA proteins are 84% identical. However, they were shown to be compatible, whereas the RepAci1 plasmid displaced another RepAci1 plasmid demonstrating that they were incompatible. Despite encoding no mobilisation proteins, the RepAci1 plasmid was transferred to a new host at low frequency when a conjugatively proficient RepAci6 plasmid was present, whereas the RepAci2 plasmid carrying mobA and mobC mobilisation genes was not. Comparison of the sequences of the mobilised and mobilising plasmids revealed a short region of high similarity that is upstream of the predicted mobilisation genes in the RepAci6 plasmid, and has an organisation similar to that of F-type oriT transfer origins. The segment carrying the oriT-like region is present in many RepAci1 plasmids, including ones carrying the cabarpenem resistance genes oxa24 or oxa58 in dif modules, and in some RepAci2 or other Rep_3 plasmids of further types, including one carrying the tet39 tetracycline resistance determinant. These plasmids are also likely to be mobilised, spreading resistance.