Michél Strauss1, Wayne Smith1,2, Olga V Fedorova3, Aletta E Schutte4,5. 1. Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. 2. MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. 3. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4. Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. Alta.Schutte@nwu.ac.za. 5. MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Alta.Schutte@nwu.ac.za.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes recent findings in humans pertaining to the relationships between marinobufagenin (MBG), a steroidal Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and salt-sensitivity biomarker, and early cardiovascular risk markers. RECENT FINDINGS: Twenty-four-hour urinary MBG strongly associates with habitual salt intake in young healthy adults (aged 20-30 years). Furthermore, in young healthy adults free of detected cardiovascular disease, MBG associates with increased large artery stiffness and left ventricular mass independent of blood pressure. These findings in human studies corroborate mechanistic data from rat studies whereby stimulation of MBG by a high salt intake or MBG infusion increased vascular fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Twenty-four-hour urinary MBG may be a potential biomarker of early cardiovascular risk. Adverse associations between MBG-which increases with salt consumption-and early cardiovascular risk markers support the global efforts to reduce population-wide salt intake in an effort to prevent and control the burden of non-communicable diseases.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes recent findings in humans pertaining to the relationships between marinobufagenin (MBG), a steroidal Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and salt-sensitivity biomarker, and early cardiovascular risk markers. RECENT FINDINGS: Twenty-four-hour urinary MBG strongly associates with habitual salt intake in young healthy adults (aged 20-30 years). Furthermore, in young healthy adults free of detected cardiovascular disease, MBG associates with increased large artery stiffness and left ventricular mass independent of blood pressure. These findings in human studies corroborate mechanistic data from rat studies whereby stimulation of MBG by a high salt intake or MBG infusion increased vascular fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Twenty-four-hour urinary MBG may be a potential biomarker of early cardiovascular risk. Adverse associations between MBG-which increases with salt consumption-and early cardiovascular risk markers support the global efforts to reduce population-wide salt intake in an effort to prevent and control the burden of non-communicable diseases.
Entities:
Keywords:
Early cardiovascular risk; Humans; Marinobufagenin; Salt-sensitivity; Women
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