Alexandra de Pokomandy1, Ann N Burchell2, Kate Salters2, Erin Ding2, Nadia O'Brien2, Dada Mamvula Bakombo2, Karène Proulx-Boucher2, Isabelle Boucoiran2, Neora Pick2, Gina Ogilvie2, Mona Loutfy2, Angela Kaida2. 1. Chronic Viral Illness Service (de Pokomandy, Bakombo, Proulx-Boucher), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Family Medicine (de Pokomandy, O'Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Burchell), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Burchell), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Salters, Kaida), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS (Salters, Ding, Kaida), Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Boucoiran), Hôpital Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Oak Tree Clinic (Pick), BC Women's Hospital; Department of Family Practice (Ogilvie), School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Women's College Research Institute (Loutfy), Women's College Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Loutfy), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. alexandra.depokomandy@mcgill.ca. 2. Chronic Viral Illness Service (de Pokomandy, Bakombo, Proulx-Boucher), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Family Medicine (de Pokomandy, O'Brien), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Burchell), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Burchell), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Health Sciences (Salters, Kaida), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS (Salters, Ding, Kaida), Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Boucoiran), Hôpital Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Oak Tree Clinic (Pick), BC Women's Hospital; Department of Family Practice (Ogilvie), School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Women's College Research Institute (Loutfy), Women's College Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Loutfy), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cisgender women with HIV experience an elevated risk of cervical cancer compared with HIV-negative women, but this cancer can be prevented through regular cervical cancer screening. Our study objective was to measure adherence to current national cervical cancer screening guidelines among women with HIV in 3 Canadian provinces and identify factors associated with delays. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the baseline questionnaire of the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS). Participants were recruited through clinics, peers and community organizations in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. Women were eligible for inclusion if they were cisgender female with HIV, aged 21-70 years, and never had cervicectomy/hysterectomy. RESULTS: Of 1189 eligible participants, 815 (68.5%) had received cervical cancer screening less than 1 year ago (i.e., as recommended), 211 (17.7%) 1-3 years ago (i.e., moderate delay) and 163 (13.7%) at least 3 years ago or never (i.e., long delay). Overall, 309 (26.0%) had never discussed the need for a Papanicolaou smear with a nurse/doctor. Factors associated with a long delay were living in Ontario (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.88) or Quebec (adjusted OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.79-7.67) (v. BC), being sexually inactive in the past 6 months (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.25-3.25), having unknown or < 200 cells/mm3 CD4 counts (adjusted OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11-2.85) and having a male HIV care provider (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36-3.42). INTERPRETATION: Over one-third of women reported cervical cancer screening delays, and one-quarter had never discussed cervical cancer screening recommendations with a health care provider. Additional efforts are needed to improve women's and health care providers' awareness of cervical cancer screening recommendations, particularly among women who are sexually inactive, who are immunosuppressed and who have male HIV care providers. Copyright 2019, Joule Inc. or its licensors.
BACKGROUND: Cisgender women with HIV experience an elevated risk of cervical cancer compared with HIV-negative women, but this cancer can be prevented through regular cervical cancer screening. Our study objective was to measure adherence to current national cervical cancer screening guidelines among women with HIV in 3 Canadian provinces and identify factors associated with delays. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the baseline questionnaire of the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS). Participants were recruited through clinics, peers and community organizations in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. Women were eligible for inclusion if they were cisgender female with HIV, aged 21-70 years, and never had cervicectomy/hysterectomy. RESULTS: Of 1189 eligible participants, 815 (68.5%) had received cervical cancer screening less than 1 year ago (i.e., as recommended), 211 (17.7%) 1-3 years ago (i.e., moderate delay) and 163 (13.7%) at least 3 years ago or never (i.e., long delay). Overall, 309 (26.0%) had never discussed the need for a Papanicolaou smear with a nurse/doctor. Factors associated with a long delay were living in Ontario (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.88) or Quebec (adjusted OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.79-7.67) (v. BC), being sexually inactive in the past 6 months (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.25-3.25), having unknown or < 200 cells/mm3 CD4 counts (adjusted OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11-2.85) and having a male HIV care provider (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36-3.42). INTERPRETATION: Over one-third of women reported cervical cancer screening delays, and one-quarter had never discussed cervical cancer screening recommendations with a health care provider. Additional efforts are needed to improve women's and health care providers' awareness of cervical cancer screening recommendations, particularly among women who are sexually inactive, who are immunosuppressed and who have male HIV care providers. Copyright 2019, Joule Inc. or its licensors.