Additive manufacturing of personalized orodispersible warfarin films.

Warfarin is a narrow therapeutic index drug that requires personalized dosing which is currently not achieved by the marketed products. Further, pediatric and geriatric patients may face swallowing problems with solid oral dosage forms. To face these issues, the aim of the present study was to investigate semisolid extrusion 3D printing for production of warfarin containing orodispersible films. Extrusion 3D printing was successfully utilized to produce transparent, smooth and thin, yet flexible and strong orodispersible films containing therapeutic doses of warfarin (3.9-7.4 mg). Excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9996) between the designed sizes of the films and the drug contents was achieved indicating semisolid extrusion 3D printing as a promising way to produce orodispersible warfarin films with personalized doses. This one-step-process utilizes disposable syringes hindering the printing material to be in contact with the printing equipment making it a potential method for on-demand in-hospital compounding.