Quentin Lisan1,2,3, Thomas Van Sloten1,2,4,5, Pedro Marques Vidal6, Jose Haba Rubio7, Raphael Heinzer7, Jean Philippe Empana1,2. 1. Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France. 2. INSERM, UMR-S970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Paris, France. 3. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France. 4. CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands. 6. Department of medicine, Service of internal medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. 7. Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract
Importance: The association of positive airway pressure (PAP) with reduced mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains uncertain. Objective: To investigate the association between PAP prescription and mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, population-based cohort study evaluated data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), a long-term observational cohort study that included participants between 1995 and 1998, with a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Analyses were performed in September 2018. Within the SHHS, we compared patients with obesity and severe OSA with (n = 81) and without (n = 311) prescription of PAP therapy, after matching patients from each group by age, sex, and apnea-hypopnea index. Exposures: Self-reported use of PAP. Main Outcomes and Measures: All-cause mortality. Results: Of 392 study participants, 316 (80.6%) were men, and mean (SD) age was 63.1 (11.0) years. Ninety-six deaths occurred; 12 among the prescribed-PAP group and 84 among the nonprescribed-PAP group, yielding crude incidence rates of 12.8 vs 24.7 deaths per 1000 person-years. In Cox multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality for prescribed PAP therapy was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.18-0.81). After propensity matching, the HR of all-cause mortality for prescribed PAP therapy was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35-0.96). According to survival curves, the difference in mortality appears 6 to 7 years after initiation of PAP therapy. Conclusions and Relevance: Positive airway pressure prescription is associated with reduced all-cause mortality, and this association appears several years after PAP initiation. If replicated, these findings may have strong clinical implications.
Importance: The association of positive airway pressure (PAP) with reduced mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains uncertain. Objective: To investigate the association between PAP prescription and mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, population-based cohort study evaluated data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), a long-term observational cohort study that included participants between 1995 and 1998, with a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Analyses were performed in September 2018. Within the SHHS, we compared patients with obesity and severe OSA with (n = 81) and without (n = 311) prescription of PAP therapy, after matching patients from each group by age, sex, and apnea-hypopnea index. Exposures: Self-reported use of PAP. Main Outcomes and Measures: All-cause mortality. Results: Of 392 study participants, 316 (80.6%) were men, and mean (SD) age was 63.1 (11.0) years. Ninety-six deaths occurred; 12 among the prescribed-PAP group and 84 among the nonprescribed-PAP group, yielding crude incidence rates of 12.8 vs 24.7 deaths per 1000 person-years. In Cox multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality for prescribed PAP therapy was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.18-0.81). After propensity matching, the HR of all-cause mortality for prescribed PAP therapy was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35-0.96). According to survival curves, the difference in mortality appears 6 to 7 years after initiation of PAP therapy. Conclusions and Relevance: Positive airway pressure prescription is associated with reduced all-cause mortality, and this association appears several years after PAP initiation. If replicated, these findings may have strong clinical implications.
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