Dive Medicine: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.

As SCUBA diving continues to rapidly grow in the United States and worldwide, physicians should have a fundamental working knowledge to provide care for an injured diver. SCUBA divers are faced with many hazards at depths that are normally well compensated for at sea level. Pressure gradients, changes in the partial pressure of inhaled gases and gas solubility can have disastrous effects to the diver if not managed properly. Many safety measures in SCUBA diving are governed by the laws of physics, but some have come under scrutiny. This has prompted increased research concerning in water recompression and flying after diving. This article will give physicians an understanding of the dangers divers encounter and the current treatment recommendations. We will also explore some controversies in diving medicine.