Enhanced IgE-dependent basophil histamine release and airway reactivity in asthma.

IgE-dependent basophil histamine release does not necessarily correlate with the amount of cell-bound IgE, thus it has been suggested that basophil "releasability" is an important, but yet undefined, factor in this secretory process. Because mast cell, and possibly basophilic leukocyte, mediator release contributes to airway reactivity, any enhancement of this secretory process would favor asthma provocation. To evaluate IgE-dependent basophil histamine releasability in asthma, suspensions of leukocytes were isolated from patients with an allergic and nonallergic component to their airway disease and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) (0.03 to 10.0 micrograms/ml) and anti-IgE (10 to 1,000 ng/ml). Basophil histamine release to Con A and anti-IgE was significantly greater in both allergic and nonallergic asthmatic patients when compared with normal subjects. In contrast, basophil histamine release to the calcium ionophore A23187 was similar in leukocytes from normal subjects and asthmatic patients, suggesting the observed abnormality in secretion may be limited to an IgE-dependent process. To further determine if basophil histamine releasability in asthma correlated to measures of airway reactivity, bronchial provocation with histamine was performed. An inverse correlation was found between the provocative dose of inhaled histamine required to produce a 20% decrease, PD20, in the FEV1 and the leukocyte histamine release to Con A (p less than 0.05) and anti-IgE (p less than 0.05). Thus, we have new evidence that enhanced IgE-dependent release of leukocyte histamine correlates with airway reactivity in asthma. The mechanism of basophil releasability and its relationship to the pathogenesis of airway reactivity in asthma have yet to be established.