Huanhuan Hu1, Kentaro Tomita2, Keisuke Kuwahara3, Makoto Yamamoto4, Akihiko Uehara5, Takeshi Kochi6, Masafumi Eguchi6, Hiroko Okazaki7, Ai Hori8, Naoko Sasaki9, Takayuki Ogasawara9, Toru Honda10, Shuichiro Yamamoto10, Tohru Nakagawa10, Toshiaki Miyamoto11, Teppei Imai12, Akiko Nishihara12, Satsue Nagahama13, Taizo Murakami14, Makiko Shimizu14, Shamima Akter15, Ikuko Kashino15, Miwa Yamaguchi15, Isamu Kabe6, Tetsuya Mizoue15, Tomofumi Sone16, Seitaro Dohi7. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: hu.huanhuan@yahoo.com. 2. Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Yamaha Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan. 5. Seijinkai Shizunai Hospital, Hokkaidō, Japan. 6. Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. 7. Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan. 8. Department of Global Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. 9. Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan. 10. Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan. 11. Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Kimitsu Works, Chiba, Japan. 12. Azbil Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. 13. All Japan Labour Welfare Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 14. Mizue Medical Clinic, Keihin Occupational Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan. 15. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 16. National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The existing yet limited prospective studies reported conflicting results about obesity and hearing loss. We investigated the prospective association between obesity and hearing loss in a large-scale Japanese working population, as well as the association between metabolic phenotype and hearing loss. METHODS: The study included 48,549 employees aged 20-64 years and free of hearing loss at baseline. Pure-tone audiometric testing was performed annually to identify hearing loss at 1 and 4 kHz. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the risk of hearing loss associated with body mass index (BMI) and metabolic phenotype (based on a BMI of ≥25.0/<25.0 kg/m2 and presence/absence of ≥2 components of metabolic syndrome, except waist circumference). Baseline and updated information were obtained from annual health checkups. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7 years, 1595 and 3625 individuals developed unilateral hearing loss at 1 and 4 kHz, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for hearing loss at 1 kHz were 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) and 1.66 (1.33, 2.08) for those with BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively, compared to individuals with BMI <25.0 kg/m2. For hearing loss at 4 kHz, the corresponding HRs were 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) and 1.29 (1.09, 1.52). Compared with metabolically healthy non-obese individuals, the adjusted HRs for hearing loss at 1 kHz were 1.19 (1.03, 1.39), 1.27 (1.01, 1.61), and 1.48 (1.25, 1.76) for unhealthy non-obese, healthy obese, and unhealthy obese individuals, respectively. For hearing loss at 4 kHz, the corresponding HRs were 1.13 (1.04, 1.25), 1.21 (1.04, 1.41), and 1.26 (1.12, 1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, and metabolically unhealthy obesity may confer additional risk.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The existing yet limited prospective studies reported conflicting results about obesity and hearing loss. We investigated the prospective association between obesity and hearing loss in a large-scale Japanese working population, as well as the association between metabolic phenotype and hearing loss. METHODS: The study included 48,549 employees aged 20-64 years and free of hearing loss at baseline. Pure-tone audiometric testing was performed annually to identify hearing loss at 1 and 4 kHz. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the risk of hearing loss associated with body mass index (BMI) and metabolic phenotype (based on a BMI of ≥25.0/<25.0 kg/m2 and presence/absence of ≥2 components of metabolic syndrome, except waist circumference). Baseline and updated information were obtained from annual health checkups. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7 years, 1595 and 3625 individuals developed unilateral hearing loss at 1 and 4 kHz, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for hearing loss at 1 kHz were 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) and 1.66 (1.33, 2.08) for those with BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively, compared to individuals with BMI <25.0 kg/m2. For hearing loss at 4 kHz, the corresponding HRs were 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) and 1.29 (1.09, 1.52). Compared with metabolically healthy non-obese individuals, the adjusted HRs for hearing loss at 1 kHz were 1.19 (1.03, 1.39), 1.27 (1.01, 1.61), and 1.48 (1.25, 1.76) for unhealthy non-obese, healthy obese, and unhealthy obese individuals, respectively. For hearing loss at 4 kHz, the corresponding HRs were 1.13 (1.04, 1.25), 1.21 (1.04, 1.41), and 1.26 (1.12, 1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, and metabolically unhealthy obesity may confer additional risk.
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