Susan Stienen1, João Pedro Ferreira1,2, Nicolas Girerd1, Kévin Duarte3,4,5, Zohra Lamiral1, John J V McMurray6, Bertram Pitt7, Kenneth Dickstein8, Faiez Zannad1, Patrick Rossignol9. 1. Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France. 2. Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 3. Université de Lorraine, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, UMR 7502, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. 4. CNRS, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, UMR 7502, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. 5. Team BIGS, INRIA, 54600, Villers-lès-Nancy, France. 6. BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. 7. Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA. 8. Department of Cardiology, University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 9. Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France. p.rossignol@chru-nancy.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and a decrease in BMI during follow-up have been associated with poor prognosis. For BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, an "obesity paradox" has been suggested. Recently, high visit-to-visit BMI variability has also been associated with poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. AIMS: To simultaneously evaluate several BMI measurements and study their association with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in a large cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, heart failure (HF) or both. METHODS: The high-risk MI dataset is pooled from four trials: CAPRICORN, EPHESUS, OPTIMAAL and VALIANT. Mean BMI, change from baseline, and variability were assessed during follow-up. The primary outcome was CV death. Cox-proportional hazard models were performed to study the association between the various BMI parameters and outcomes (median follow-up = 1.8 years). RESULTS: A total of 12,719 patients were included (72% male, mean age 65 ± 11 years). Mean, change and visit-to-visit variability in BMI had a non-linear association with CV death (P < 0.001). Mean BMI < 26 kg/m2 (vs. ≥ 26-35 kg/m2) and BMI decrease during follow-up were independently associated with CV death (adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.16-1.51, P < 0.001 and adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.40-1.76, P < 0.001, respectively). Low and high BMI variability (< 2% and > 4%) were associated with increased event-rates, but lost statistical significance in sensitivity analysis including patients with ≥ 5 measurements or excluding patients with HF hospitalization, suggesting that BMI variability may be particularly associated with HF hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: Mean BMI < 26 kg/m2 and a BMI decrease during follow-up were independently associated with CV death in patients with MI and LV systolic dysfunction, HF or both. These associations likely reflect poorer patient status and causality cannot be inferred.
BACKGROUND: In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and a decrease in BMI during follow-up have been associated with poor prognosis. For BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, an "obesity paradox" has been suggested. Recently, high visit-to-visit BMI variability has also been associated with poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. AIMS: To simultaneously evaluate several BMI measurements and study their association with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in a large cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, heart failure (HF) or both. METHODS: The high-risk MI dataset is pooled from four trials: CAPRICORN, EPHESUS, OPTIMAAL and VALIANT. Mean BMI, change from baseline, and variability were assessed during follow-up. The primary outcome was CV death. Cox-proportional hazard models were performed to study the association between the various BMI parameters and outcomes (median follow-up = 1.8 years). RESULTS: A total of 12,719 patients were included (72% male, mean age 65 ± 11 years). Mean, change and visit-to-visit variability in BMI had a non-linear association with CV death (P < 0.001). Mean BMI < 26 kg/m2 (vs. ≥ 26-35 kg/m2) and BMI decrease during follow-up were independently associated with CV death (adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.16-1.51, P < 0.001 and adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.40-1.76, P < 0.001, respectively). Low and high BMI variability (< 2% and > 4%) were associated with increased event-rates, but lost statistical significance in sensitivity analysis including patients with ≥ 5 measurements or excluding patients with HF hospitalization, suggesting that BMI variability may be particularly associated with HF hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: Mean BMI < 26 kg/m2 and a BMI decrease during follow-up were independently associated with CV death in patients with MI and LV systolic dysfunction, HF or both. These associations likely reflect poorer patient status and causality cannot be inferred.
Entities:
Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarction; Body mass index; Prognosis; Systolic dysfunction; Variability
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