Elizabeth A Mann1, Scott Lunos2, Elijah Carrel3, Trevor Omann1, Alyssa Halper4, Anne Kogler5, Bradley S Miller4, Muna Sunni4, Melena D Bellin4, Brandon M Nathan6. 1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. 2. Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. 3. Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States. 4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. 5. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. 6. Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. Electronic address: natha039@umn.edu.
Abstract
AIMS: To establish the incidence and timing of hypoglycemia at a week-long residential diabetes camp for children. We hypothesized that hypoglycemia would occur more frequently during the first two days of camp and following evening all-camp games. METHODS: 225 children (mean age 12.0 ± 2.3 years, 56% female, mean hemoglobin A1c 8.4% [71.6 mmol/mol]) had blood glucose (BG) levels obtained before meals, at bedtime, and as needed to detect hypoglycemia. Insulin adjustments were made by medical staff according to camp protocol and at the discretion of medical staff during camper check-in. RESULTS: Mild hypoglycemia (BG 50-69 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) occurred ≥ 1 time in 90% of campers while 43% had ≥ 1 episode of BG < 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L). No episodes of hypoglycemia requiring glucagon occurred. More campers experienced ≥ 1 overnight hypoglycemia event during the first 48 hours of camp compared to later in the week (p = 0.01). Evening all-camp games did not impact hypoglycemia rates overnight. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred more frequently during the first two nights, establishing this period as high risk and supporting implementation of a standard protocol to lower insulin doses. Rates of hypoglycemia were unaffected by all-camp games, indicating current practices are effective at minimizing hypoglycemia.
AIMS: To establish the incidence and timing of hypoglycemia at a week-long residential diabetescamp for children. We hypothesized that hypoglycemia would occur more frequently during the first two days of camp and following evening all-camp games. METHODS: 225 children (mean age 12.0 ± 2.3 years, 56% female, mean hemoglobin A1c 8.4% [71.6 mmol/mol]) had blood glucose (BG) levels obtained before meals, at bedtime, and as needed to detect hypoglycemia. Insulin adjustments were made by medical staff according to camp protocol and at the discretion of medical staff during camper check-in. RESULTS: Mild hypoglycemia (BG 50-69 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) occurred ≥ 1 time in 90% of campers while 43% had ≥ 1 episode of BG < 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L). No episodes of hypoglycemia requiring glucagon occurred. More campers experienced ≥ 1 overnight hypoglycemia event during the first 48 hours of camp compared to later in the week (p = 0.01). Evening all-camp games did not impact hypoglycemia rates overnight. CONCLUSIONS:Nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred more frequently during the first two nights, establishing this period as high risk and supporting implementation of a standard protocol to lower insulin doses. Rates of hypoglycemia were unaffected by all-camp games, indicating current practices are effective at minimizing hypoglycemia.
Authors: D W Kimberlin; C Y Lin; R F Jacobs; D A Powell; L Corey; W C Gruber; M Rathore; J S Bradley; P S Diaz; M Kumar; A M Arvin; K Gutierrez; M Shelton; L B Weiner; J W Sleasman; T M de Sierra; S Weller; S J Soong; J Kiell; F D Lakeman; R J Whitley Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2001-08 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: H Thabit; M Tauschmann; J M Allen; L Leelarathna; S Hartnell; M E Wilinska; C L Acerini; S Dellweg; C Benesch; L Heinemann; J K Mader; M Holzer; H Kojzar; J Exall; J Yong; J Pichierri; K D Barnard; C Kollman; P Cheng; P C Hindmarsh; F M Campbell; S Arnolds; T R Pieber; M L Evans; D B Dunger; R Hovorka Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2015-09-17 Impact factor: 91.245