María Isabel Mesana Graffe1,2,3,4, V Pala5, S De Henauw6, G Eiben7,8, C Hadjigeorgiou9, L Iacoviello10, T Intemann11,12, H Jilani11,12, D Molnar13, P Russo14, T Veidebaum15, L A Moreno16,17,18,19. 1. Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. 2. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Saragossa, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. 3. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. 4. Red de Salud Materno-infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Barakaldo, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. 5. Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. 6. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 7. Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 8. Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden. 9. Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus. 10. Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. 11. Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany. 12. Institute for Public Health and Nursing- IPP, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany. 13. Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary. 14. Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy. 15. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. 16. Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. 17. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Saragossa, Spain. 18. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain. 19. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report dietary free sugars consumption and their different types and food sources in European children. METHODS: The present study is based on the IDEFICS study, a European multicenter cohort study in children (2-9 years old) from eight countries, comprising 8308 children (51.4% males). Dietary intake of the previous 24 h was assessed using a computer-assisted 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and the different types of sugars were assessed using the German food composition database. RESULTS: Mean total energy intake was 1720 (SD 477) kcal/d for boys and 1631 (SD 451) kcal/d for girls. Total sugars intake was 98 (SD 52) g/day for boys and 93 (SD 49) g/day for girls. Free sugars intake was 81 (SD 49) g/day for boys and 77 (SD 47) g/day for girls. Girls had significantly lower intakes of energy, total and free sugars compared with than boys but did not differ in terms of percent of energy from total (23%) or free sugars (18%). There were large variations between countries in average % energy from free sugars (ranging from 13% in Italy to 27% in Germany). Less than 20% of children were within the recommended intake of 10% of energy from free sugars. The food groups that contributed substantially to free sugars intakes were "Fruit juices", "Soft drinks", "Dairy" and "Sweets and candies". CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of free sugars to total energy intake in European children is higher than recommendations. The main food contributors to free sugars intake are sweetened beverages ("Fruit juices" and "Soft drinks"). It is especially important to reduce children's intake of free sugars, focusing in target population on certain foods and food groups.
OBJECTIVE: To report dietary free sugars consumption and their different types and food sources in European children. METHODS: The present study is based on the IDEFICS study, a European multicenter cohort study in children (2-9 years old) from eight countries, comprising 8308 children (51.4% males). Dietary intake of the previous 24 h was assessed using a computer-assisted 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and the different types of sugars were assessed using the German food composition database. RESULTS: Mean total energy intake was 1720 (SD 477) kcal/d for boys and 1631 (SD 451) kcal/d for girls. Total sugars intake was 98 (SD 52) g/day for boys and 93 (SD 49) g/day for girls. Free sugars intake was 81 (SD 49) g/day for boys and 77 (SD 47) g/day for girls. Girls had significantly lower intakes of energy, total and free sugars compared with than boys but did not differ in terms of percent of energy from total (23%) or free sugars (18%). There were large variations between countries in average % energy from free sugars (ranging from 13% in Italy to 27% in Germany). Less than 20% of children were within the recommended intake of 10% of energy from free sugars. The food groups that contributed substantially to free sugars intakes were "Fruit juices", "Soft drinks", "Dairy" and "Sweets and candies". CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of free sugars to total energy intake in European children is higher than recommendations. The main food contributors to free sugars intake are sweetened beverages ("Fruit juices" and "Soft drinks"). It is especially important to reduce children's intake of free sugars, focusing in target population on certain foods and food groups.
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