Chishimba Mubanga1, Kabemba E Mwape2, Isaac K Phiri2, Chiara Trevisan3, Gideon Zulu4, Chishala Chabala5, Inge van Damme6, Veronika Schmidt7, Pierre Dorny3, Sarah Gabriël6. 1. Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: 2016145550@student.unza.zm. 2. Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. 3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. 4. Provincial Medical Office, Ministry of Health, Kasama, Zambia. 5. Children's Hospital, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia. 6. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. 7. Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Foodborne Neglected Zoonotic Helminths (FNZH) are parasites of both economic and public health importance. They include Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, Echinococcus multilocularis and Foodborne trematodes (FBT). FNZH are earmarked for major interventions for control, elimination and eradication. This systematic review highlights the progress towards development of rapid tests for the diagnosis of FNZH since 2010 when they were listed as neglected tropical diseases. METHODOLOGY: A systematic search was conducted in three databases, World of Science, Embase and PubMed using the same search phrase. The search produced 480 hits. Three studies from back referencing were included. Only 22 of these met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from these and presented qualitatively. RESULTS: Twenty-five rapid diagnostic tests were found to have been developed since 2010, eight for diagnosis of T. solium infections, eight for echinococcosis and nine for FBT infections. The rapid tests for diagnosing T. solium infections included six antibody detecting and two antigen detecting tests. They constitute a combination among them, with some tests providing qualitative, others quantitative results. Similarly, seven out of the eight rapid tests developed for Echinococcus infections were antibody detecting tests save for one loop mediated isothermal amplification test. All of them were qualitative tests. For FBT infections, nine rapid tests were described; two antibody and one nucleic acid detecting test for diagnosis of Fascioliasis; three nucleic acid detecting tests for Opisthorchiasis; one antibody detecting test for Paragonimiasis; and for Clonorchiasis, one antibody and one nucleic acid detecting test. The FBT infection rapid tests were all qualitative in nature. Most of these tests have not undergone field evaluation in endemic areas where they will be used most. CONCLUSION: This review describes the development and evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests, while highlighting the need for in depth validations of the tools to determine how well they can perform in endemic areas.
BACKGROUND: Foodborne Neglected Zoonotic Helminths (FNZH) are parasites of both economic and public health importance. They include Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, Echinococcus multilocularis and Foodborne trematodes (FBT). FNZH are earmarked for major interventions for control, elimination and eradication. This systematic review highlights the progress towards development of rapid tests for the diagnosis of FNZH since 2010 when they were listed as neglected tropical diseases. METHODOLOGY: A systematic search was conducted in three databases, World of Science, Embase and PubMed using the same search phrase. The search produced 480 hits. Three studies from back referencing were included. Only 22 of these met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from these and presented qualitatively. RESULTS: Twenty-five rapid diagnostic tests were found to have been developed since 2010, eight for diagnosis of T. soliuminfections, eight for echinococcosis and nine for FBT infections. The rapid tests for diagnosing T. soliuminfections included six antibody detecting and two antigen detecting tests. They constitute a combination among them, with some tests providing qualitative, others quantitative results. Similarly, seven out of the eight rapid tests developed for Echinococcus infections were antibody detecting tests save for one loop mediated isothermal amplification test. All of them were qualitative tests. For FBT infections, nine rapid tests were described; two antibody and one nucleic acid detecting test for diagnosis of Fascioliasis; three nucleic acid detecting tests for Opisthorchiasis; one antibody detecting test for Paragonimiasis; and for Clonorchiasis, one antibody and one nucleic acid detecting test. The FBT infection rapid tests were all qualitative in nature. Most of these tests have not undergone field evaluation in endemic areas where they will be used most. CONCLUSION: This review describes the development and evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests, while highlighting the need for in depth validations of the tools to determine how well they can perform in endemic areas.
Authors: Philipp A Kronenberg; Ansgar Deibel; Bruno Gottstein; Felix Grimm; Beat Müllhaupt; Cordula Meyer Zu Schwabedissen; Sezdbek Aitbaev; Rakhatbek A Omorov; Kubanychbek K Abdykerimov; Gulnara Minbaeva; Jumagul Usubalieva; Mar Siles-Lucas; Paola Pepe; Laura Rinaldi; Markus Spiliotis; Junhua Wang; Norbert Müller; Paul R Torgerson; Peter Deplazes Journal: Pathogens Date: 2022-04-27
Authors: Matthew A Dixon; Uffe C Braae; Peter Winskill; Brecht Devleesschauwer; Chiara Trevisan; Inge Van Damme; Martin Walker; Jonathan I D Hamley; Sylvia N Ramiandrasoa; Veronika Schmidt; Sarah Gabriël; Wendy Harrison; Maria-Gloria Basáñez Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2020-01-27 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: Inge Van Damme; Chiara Trevisan; Kabemba E Mwape; Veronika Schmidt; Pascal Magnussen; Gideon Zulu; Chishimba Mubanga; Dominik Stelzle; Emmanuel Bottieau; Emmanuel Abatih; Isaac K Phiri; Maria V Johansen; Chishala Chabala; Andrea S Winkler; Pierre Dorny; Sarah Gabriël Journal: Diagnostics (Basel) Date: 2021-06-22