Laura Best1, Christine Ghadery2, Nicola Pavese1, Yen Foung Tai3, Antonio P Strafella4. 1. Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. 2. The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorder Unit, Toronto Western Hospital & Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. christine.ghadery@camhpet.ca. 3. Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. 4. The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorder Unit, Toronto Western Hospital & Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We will discuss the developments in TSPO PET imaging and the contribution this technique has had to understanding neuroinflammation in vivo, as well as the limitations inherent to the currently available radioligands and the potential future direction. RECENT FINDINGS: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has led to major advances in understanding the pathological role played by microglia activation and neuroinflammation in a diverse range of neurodegenerative conditions. The first-generation radioligand 11[C](R)-PK11195 has been the most widely studied and has led to considerable advancements in defining the role of neuroinflammation in neuronal degeneration and dysfunction. However, limitations including low signal-to-noise ratio and high nonspecific binding have led to the development of new TSPO-specific radioligands in an attempt to improve the quality of TSPO imaging. Unfortunately, these new radioligands have not been without their own problems, and the expected improvement in image quality has not been achieved.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We will discuss the developments in TSPO PET imaging and the contribution this technique has had to understanding neuroinflammation in vivo, as well as the limitations inherent to the currently available radioligands and the potential future direction. RECENT FINDINGS: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has led to major advances in understanding the pathological role played by microglia activation and neuroinflammation in a diverse range of neurodegenerative conditions. The first-generation radioligand 11[C](R)-PK11195 has been the most widely studied and has led to considerable advancements in defining the role of neuroinflammation in neuronal degeneration and dysfunction. However, limitations including low signal-to-noise ratio and high nonspecific binding have led to the development of new TSPO-specific radioligands in an attempt to improve the quality of TSPO imaging. Unfortunately, these new radioligands have not been without their own problems, and the expected improvement in image quality has not been achieved.
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