Hyemin Jang1,2, Young Kyoung Jang1,2, Hee Jin Kim1,2, David John Werring3, Jin San Lee4, Yeong Sim Choe1, Seongbeom Park1, Juyeon Lee5, Ko Woon Kim6, Yeshin Kim7, Soo Hyun Cho1,2, Si Eun Kim8, Seung Joo Kim1,2, Andreas Charidimou9, Duk L Na1,2,10, Sang Won Seo11,12,13. 1. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. 2. Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. 3. UCL Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK. 4. Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. 6. Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. 7. Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea. 8. Department of Neurology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea. 9. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 10. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Republic of Korea. 11. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. sangwonseo@empal.com. 12. Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. sangwonseo@empal.com. 13. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Republic of Korea. sangwonseo@empal.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of amyloid β (Aβ) positivity on PET in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). METHODS: We recruited 65 patients who met the modified Boston criteria for probable CAA. All underwent amyloid PET, MRI, APOE genotyping and neuropsychological testing, and we obtained information on MRI markers of CAA and ischemic cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD). We investigated the CAA/ischemic CSVD burden and APOE genotypes in relation to Aβ positivity and investigated the effect of Aβ positivity on longitudinal cognitive decline. RESULTS: Among the 65 CAA patients, 43 (66.2%) showed Aβ PET positivity (Aβ+). Patients with Aβ+ CAA had more lobar microbleeds (median 9, interquartile range 2-41, vs. 3, 2-8; P = 0.045) and a higher frequency of cortical superficial siderosis (34.9% vs. 9.1%; P = 0.025), while patients with Aβ- CAA had more lacunes (1, 0-2, vs. 0, 0-1; P = 0.029) and a higher frequency of severe white matter hyperintensities (45.5% vs. 20.9%; P = 0.040). The frequency of ε4 carriers was higher in Aβ+ patients (57.1%) than in Aβ- patients (18.2%; P = 0.003), while the frequency of ε2 carriers did not differ between the two groups. Finally, Aβ positivity was associated with faster decline in multiple cognitive domains including language (P < 0.001), visuospatial function (P < 0.001), and verbal memory (P < 0.001) in linear mixed effects models. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a significant proportion of patients with probable CAA in a memory clinic are Aβ- on PET. Aβ positivity in CAA patients is associated with a distinct pattern of CSVD biomarker expression, and a worse cognitive trajectory. Aβ positivity has clinical relevance in CAA and might represent either advanced CAA or additional Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes.
PURPOSE: We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of amyloid β (Aβ) positivity on PET in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). METHODS: We recruited 65 patients who met the modified Boston criteria for probable CAA. All underwent amyloid PET, MRI, APOE genotyping and neuropsychological testing, and we obtained information on MRI markers of CAA and ischemic cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD). We investigated the CAA/ischemic CSVD burden and APOE genotypes in relation to Aβ positivity and investigated the effect of Aβ positivity on longitudinal cognitive decline. RESULTS: Among the 65 CAA patients, 43 (66.2%) showed Aβ PET positivity (Aβ+). Patients with Aβ+ CAA had more lobar microbleeds (median 9, interquartile range 2-41, vs. 3, 2-8; P = 0.045) and a higher frequency of cortical superficial siderosis (34.9% vs. 9.1%; P = 0.025), while patients with Aβ- CAA had more lacunes (1, 0-2, vs. 0, 0-1; P = 0.029) and a higher frequency of severe white matter hyperintensities (45.5% vs. 20.9%; P = 0.040). The frequency of ε4 carriers was higher in Aβ+ patients (57.1%) than in Aβ- patients (18.2%; P = 0.003), while the frequency of ε2 carriers did not differ between the two groups. Finally, Aβ positivity was associated with faster decline in multiple cognitive domains including language (P < 0.001), visuospatial function (P < 0.001), and verbal memory (P < 0.001) in linear mixed effects models. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a significant proportion of patients with probable CAA in a memory clinic are Aβ- on PET. Aβ positivity in CAA patients is associated with a distinct pattern of CSVD biomarker expression, and a worse cognitive trajectory. Aβ positivity has clinical relevance in CAA and might represent either advanced CAA or additional Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes.
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