Yanan Wang1, Yongfei Hu2, Jian Cao3, Yuhai Bi4, Na Lv4, Fei Liu4, Shihao Liang4, Yi Shi3, Xinan Jiao5, George Fu Gao6, Baoli Zhu7. 1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China. 2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. 3. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. 4. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. 5. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Electronic address: jiao@yzu.edu.cn. 6. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: gaof@im.ac.cn. 7. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogen Genomics, Beijing 100101, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases First Attainted Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China. Electronic address: zhubaoli@im.ac.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals contributes to the enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in "one-health" settings. Numerous ARGs have been identified in livestock-associated environments but not in Chinese live poultry markets (LPMs). METHODS: We collected 753 poultry fecal samples from LPMs of 18 provinces and municipalities in China and sequenced the metagenomes of 130 samples. Bioinformatic tools were used to construct the gene catalog and analyze the ARG content. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to survey the distribution of mcr-1 gene in all 753 fecal samples. RESULTS: We found that a low number of genes but a high percentage of gene functions were shared among the poultry, human and pig gut gene catalogs. The poultry gut possessed 539 ARGs which were classified into 235 types. Both the ARG number and abundance were significantly higher in poultry than that in either pigs or humans. Fourteen ARG types were found present in all 130 samples, and tetracycline resistance (TcR) genes were the most abundant ARGs in both animals and humans. Moreover, 59.63% LPM samples harbored the colistin resistance gene mcr-1, and other mcr gene variants were also found. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the Chinese LPMs is a repository for ARGs, posing a high risk for ARG dissemination from food animals to humans under such a trade system, which has not been addressed before.
OBJECTIVES: The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals contributes to the enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in "one-health" settings. Numerous ARGs have been identified in livestock-associated environments but not in Chinese live poultry markets (LPMs). METHODS: We collected 753 poultry fecal samples from LPMs of 18 provinces and municipalities in China and sequenced the metagenomes of 130 samples. Bioinformatic tools were used to construct the gene catalog and analyze the ARG content. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to survey the distribution of mcr-1 gene in all 753 fecal samples. RESULTS: We found that a low number of genes but a high percentage of gene functions were shared among the poultry, human and pig gut gene catalogs. The poultry gut possessed 539 ARGs which were classified into 235 types. Both the ARG number and abundance were significantly higher in poultry than that in either pigs or humans. Fourteen ARG types were found present in all 130 samples, and tetracycline resistance (TcR) genes were the most abundant ARGs in both animals and humans. Moreover, 59.63% LPM samples harbored the colistin resistance gene mcr-1, and other mcr gene variants were also found. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the Chinese LPMs is a repository for ARGs, posing a high risk for ARG dissemination from food animals to humans under such a trade system, which has not been addressed before.
Authors: Carlos Bastidas-Caldes; Daniel Romero-Alvarez; Victor Valdez-Vélez; Roberto D Morales; Andrés Montalvo-Hernández; Cicero Gomes-Dias; Manuel Calvopiña Journal: Infect Drug Resist Date: 2022-09-30 Impact factor: 4.177