Abhishek A Solanki1, Alberto Bossi2, Jason A Efstathiou3, Derrick Lock4, Michele Mondini5, Rishab Ramapriyan6, James Welsh6, Josephine Kang7. 1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA. Electronic address: abhishek.solanki@lumc.edu. 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Villejuif, France. 3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA. 5. Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Labex LERMIT, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France. 6. Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Immunotherapy drugs, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for various malignancies. Preclinical and early clinical data show that combining these agents with radiotherapy may produce an even more potent antitumor effect in the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rationale, available data, and emerging data on the use of combined immunotherapy and radiation therapy in the setting of genitourinary (GU) malignancies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a search of primary studies from PubMed/Medline that included combinations of the search terms "radiation therapy," "radiotherapy," "abscopal effect," "immunotherapy," "combined," and "combination." EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Preclinical and clinical data support both immune-stimulating and immune-suppressing effects of radiotherapy. Preclinical and clinical studies investigating the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy, primarily in the setting of non-GU malignancies, have suggested efficacy and tolerability. Early randomized trials combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated success in lung cancer. Although a trial investigating combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy use for prostate cancer did not clearly improve survival, trials are ongoing in multiple GU malignancies to identify synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Several practical and technical questions remain about the optimal combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Preclinical and clinical trials show that the combination of the immunotherapy and radiation therapy has the potential to provide a synergistic effect in treating cancer, including GU malignancies, although more work is needed to uncover the mechanism and determine the optimal delivery of this treatment. PATIENT SUMMARY: This paper reviews evidence that immunotherapy drugs can be given together with radiation therapy to improve outcomes in cancers of the genitourinary tract. We find promising initial results and raise important questions that need to be answered before this type of treatment can be utilized successfully.
CONTEXT: Immunotherapy drugs, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for various malignancies. Preclinical and early clinical data show that combining these agents with radiotherapy may produce an even more potent antitumor effect in the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rationale, available data, and emerging data on the use of combined immunotherapy and radiation therapy in the setting of genitourinary (GU) malignancies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a search of primary studies from PubMed/Medline that included combinations of the search terms "radiation therapy," "radiotherapy," "abscopal effect," "immunotherapy," "combined," and "combination." EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Preclinical and clinical data support both immune-stimulating and immune-suppressing effects of radiotherapy. Preclinical and clinical studies investigating the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy, primarily in the setting of non-GU malignancies, have suggested efficacy and tolerability. Early randomized trials combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated success in lung cancer. Although a trial investigating combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy use for prostate cancer did not clearly improve survival, trials are ongoing in multiple GU malignancies to identify synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Several practical and technical questions remain about the optimal combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Preclinical and clinical trials show that the combination of the immunotherapy and radiation therapy has the potential to provide a synergistic effect in treating cancer, including GU malignancies, although more work is needed to uncover the mechanism and determine the optimal delivery of this treatment. PATIENT SUMMARY: This paper reviews evidence that immunotherapy drugs can be given together with radiation therapy to improve outcomes in cancers of the genitourinary tract. We find promising initial results and raise important questions that need to be answered before this type of treatment can be utilized successfully.
Authors: F Vilotte; D Pasquier; P Blanchard; S Supiot; J Khalifa; U Schick; T Lacornerie; L Vieillevigne; D Marre; O Chapet; I Latorzeff; N Magne; E Meyer; K Cao; Y Belkacemi; J E Bibault; M Berge-Lefranc; J C Faivre; K Gnep; V Guimas; A Hasbini; J Langrand-Escure; C Hennequin; P Graff Journal: Clin Transl Radiat Oncol Date: 2022-08-08
Authors: Achamaporn Punnanitinont; Eric D Kannisto; Junko Matsuzaki; Kunle Odunsi; Sai Yendamuri; Anurag K Singh; Santosh K Patnaik Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-04-07 Impact factor: 6.208