Imran Amjad1,2, Hamza Toor3, Imran Khan Niazi4,5,6, Hina Afzal2, Mads Jochumsen5, Muhammad Shafique3, Kathryn Allen4, Heidi Haavik4, Touqeer Ahmed1. 1. a Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan. 2. b Department of Physical Therapy, Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences , Riphah International University , Islamabad , Pakistan. 3. c Biomedical Engineering Department , Riphah International University , Islamabad , Pakistan. 4. d Center for Chiropractic Research , New Zealand College of Chiropractic , Auckland , New Zealand. 5. e SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark. 6. f Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is becoming an emerging problem for developing countries where there is an increase in expected age. There is no specific curative therapeutic treatment available for these patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate short and long-term changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters and cognition of MCI patients with aerobic exercises. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 patients which were randomly divided into two groups, 'aerobic exercise treatment group (n = 21)' and 'no-aerobic control group (n = 19)'. Short-term effects of exercise were measured after single session of exercise and long-term effects were measured after an 18 sessions (6 weeks) treatment. The outcomes which were measured were, electroenphelogram paramaters (slowness and complexity of the EEG) and cognitive functions (using mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and trail making test (TMT) A and B). RESULTS: After one session of aerobic exercise there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.678 ± 0.035 vs 0.791 ± 0.033; p = .015) and complexity (0.601 ± 0.051 vs 0.470 ± 0.042; p = .027) of the EEG in aerobic exercise treated group as compared to no-aerobic exercise group. After six weeks there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.581 ± 0.036 vs 0.815 ± 0.025; p = .005) and complexity (0.751 ± 0.045 vs 0.533 ± 0.046; p = .001) of the EEG in the aerobic group as compared to no-aerobic group. Moreover, significant improvements were observed in the MMSE (p = .032), MoCA (p = .036), TMT-A (p = .005), and TMT-B (p = .007) in aerobic exercise group as compared to no-aerobic group. CONCLUSION:Aerobic exercise showed improvement in cognition after short and long-term treatment in MCI subjects and can be used as potential therapeutic candidate.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is becoming an emerging problem for developing countries where there is an increase in expected age. There is no specific curative therapeutic treatment available for these patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate short and long-term changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters and cognition of MCI patients with aerobic exercises. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 patients which were randomly divided into two groups, 'aerobic exercise treatment group (n = 21)' and 'no-aerobic control group (n = 19)'. Short-term effects of exercise were measured after single session of exercise and long-term effects were measured after an 18 sessions (6 weeks) treatment. The outcomes which were measured were, electroenphelogram paramaters (slowness and complexity of the EEG) and cognitive functions (using mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and trail making test (TMT) A and B). RESULTS: After one session of aerobic exercise there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.678 ± 0.035 vs 0.791 ± 0.033; p = .015) and complexity (0.601 ± 0.051 vs 0.470 ± 0.042; p = .027) of the EEG in aerobic exercise treated group as compared to no-aerobic exercise group. After six weeks there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.581 ± 0.036 vs 0.815 ± 0.025; p = .005) and complexity (0.751 ± 0.045 vs 0.533 ± 0.046; p = .001) of the EEG in the aerobic group as compared to no-aerobic group. Moreover, significant improvements were observed in the MMSE (p = .032), MoCA (p = .036), TMT-A (p = .005), and TMT-B (p = .007) in aerobic exercise group as compared to no-aerobic group. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise showed improvement in cognition after short and long-term treatment in MCI subjects and can be used as potential therapeutic candidate.
Entities:
Keywords:
Aerobics exercise; Emotiv; MCI; memory; slowness and complexity of EEG
Authors: Julian M Gaitán; Elizabeth A Boots; Ryan J Dougherty; Jennifer M Oh; Yue Ma; Dorothy F Edwards; Bradley T Christian; Dane B Cook; Ozioma C Okonkwo Journal: Brain Plast Date: 2019-12-26