Tim W H Rijnhout1, Kimberley E Wever2, Roy H A R Marinus3, Nico Hoogerwerf4, Leo M G Geeraedts5, Edward C T H Tan6. 1. Department of Surgery - section Traumasurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: tim.rijnhout@radboudumc.nl. 2. Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation, department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: kim.wever@radboudumc.nl. 3. Rijks University Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: roy.marinus@gmail.com. 4. Department of Anesthesiology and Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Nijmegen lifeliner 3, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: nico.hoogerwerf@radboudumc.nl. 5. Department of Surgery - section Traumasurgery Amsterdam UMC (previous VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: l.geeraedts@vumc.nl. 6. Department of Surgery - Traumasurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Nijmegen lifeliner 3, the Netherlands. Electronic address: Edward.tan@radboudumc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Life-threatening haemorrhage accounts for 40% mortality in trauma patients worldwide. After bleeding control is achieved, circulating volume must be restored. Early in-hospital transfusion of blood components is already proven effective, but the scientific proof for the effectiveness of prehospital blood-component transfusion (PHBT) in trauma patients is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence for effectiveness and safety of PHBT to haemorrhagic trauma patients. METHODS: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Pubmed were searched in the period from 1988 until August 1, 2018. Meta-analysis was performed for matched trauma patients receiving PHBT with the primary outcomes 24-hour mortality and long-term mortality. Secondary outcome measure was adverse events as a result of PHBT. RESULTS: Trauma patients who received PHBT with simultaneous use of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and plasma showed a statistically significant reduction in long-term mortality (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P < 0.0001) but no difference in 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.17-1.34; P = 0.16). PHBT with individual use of pRBCs showed no difference in long-term mortality (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93-1.49; P = 0.17) or 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.46-1.85; P = 0.82). In a total of 1341 patients who received PHBT, 14 adverse events were reported 1.04%, 95% CI 0.57-1.75%. CONCLUSIONS: PHBT with simultaneous use of both pRBCs and plasma resulted in a significant reduction in the odds for long-term mortality. However, based on mainly poor quality evidence no hard conclusion can be drawn about a possible survival benefit for haemorrhagic trauma patients receiving PHBT. Overall, PHBT is safe but results of currently ongoing randomised controlled trials have to be awaited to demonstrate a survival benefit. STUDY TYPE: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND: Life-threatening haemorrhage accounts for 40% mortality in traumapatients worldwide. After bleeding control is achieved, circulating volume must be restored. Early in-hospital transfusion of blood components is already proven effective, but the scientific proof for the effectiveness of prehospital blood-component transfusion (PHBT) in traumapatients is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence for effectiveness and safety of PHBT to haemorrhagic traumapatients. METHODS: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Pubmed were searched in the period from 1988 until August 1, 2018. Meta-analysis was performed for matched traumapatients receiving PHBT with the primary outcomes 24-hour mortality and long-term mortality. Secondary outcome measure was adverse events as a result of PHBT. RESULTS:Traumapatients who received PHBT with simultaneous use of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and plasma showed a statistically significant reduction in long-term mortality (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P < 0.0001) but no difference in 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.17-1.34; P = 0.16). PHBT with individual use of pRBCs showed no difference in long-term mortality (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93-1.49; P = 0.17) or 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.46-1.85; P = 0.82). In a total of 1341 patients who received PHBT, 14 adverse events were reported 1.04%, 95% CI 0.57-1.75%. CONCLUSIONS:PHBT with simultaneous use of both pRBCs and plasma resulted in a significant reduction in the odds for long-term mortality. However, based on mainly poor quality evidence no hard conclusion can be drawn about a possible survival benefit for haemorrhagic traumapatients receiving PHBT. Overall, PHBT is safe but results of currently ongoing randomised controlled trials have to be awaited to demonstrate a survival benefit. STUDY TYPE: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
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