Han Rong1, Xin-Hui Xie2, Jie Zhao3, Wen-Tao Lai3, Ming-Bang Wang4, Dan Xu3, Yang-Hui Liu3, Yuan-Yuan Guo3, Shu-Xian Xu5, Wen-Feng Deng5, Qi-Fan Yang5, Li Xiao6, Ying-Li Zhang3, Fu-Sheng He7, Sheng Wang3, Tie-Bang Liu8. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Affiliated Shenzhen Clinical College of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Brain Stimulation and Biological Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. 4. Xiamen Branch, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, 201102, China. 5. Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China. 6. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 7. Imunobio, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. 8. Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: LiuTB0901@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To probe the differences of gut microbiota among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode (BPD) and health participants. METHODS: Thirty one MDD patients, thirty BPD patients, and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All the faecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Except for routine analyses of alpha diversity, we specially designed a new indicator, the Gm coefficient, to evaluate the inequality of relative abundances of microbiota for each participant. RESULTS: The Gm coefficients are significant decreased in both MDD and BPD groups. The relative abundances of increased phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes were significantly in the MDD and BPD groups. At genus level, four of top five enriched genera (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Oscillibacter and Streptococcus) were found increased significantly in the MDD and BPD groups compared with HCs. The genera Escherichia and Klebsiella showed significant changes in abundances only between the BPD and HC groups. At the species level, compared with BPD patients, MDD patients had a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae including Prevotella denticola F0289, Prevotella intermedia 17, Prevotella ruminicola, and Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Escherichia blattae DSM 4481 and Klebsiella oxytoca were significantly increased, whereas the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 was significantly reduced in BPD group compared with MDD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of both MDD and BPD patients, and the nuances of bacteria may have the potentiality of being the biomarkers of MDD and BPD.
BACKGROUND: To probe the differences of gut microbiota among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode (BPD) and health participants. METHODS: Thirty one MDDpatients, thirty BPD patients, and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All the faecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Except for routine analyses of alpha diversity, we specially designed a new indicator, the Gm coefficient, to evaluate the inequality of relative abundances of microbiota for each participant. RESULTS: The Gm coefficients are significant decreased in both MDD and BPD groups. The relative abundances of increased phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes were significantly in the MDD and BPD groups. At genus level, four of top five enriched genera (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Oscillibacter and Streptococcus) were found increased significantly in the MDD and BPD groups compared with HCs. The genera Escherichia and Klebsiella showed significant changes in abundances only between the BPD and HC groups. At the species level, compared with BPD patients, MDDpatients had a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae including Prevotella denticola F0289, Prevotella intermedia 17, Prevotella ruminicola, and Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Escherichia blattae DSM 4481 and Klebsiella oxytoca were significantly increased, whereas the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 was significantly reduced in BPD group compared with MDD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of both MDD and BPD patients, and the nuances of bacteria may have the potentiality of being the biomarkers of MDD and BPD.