Amir Arastehfar1, Farnaz Daneshnia1, Mohammad-Reza Salehi2, Hossein Zarrinfar3, Sadegh Khodavaisy4, Pieter-Jan Haas5, Maryam Roudbary4, Mohammad-Javad Najafzadeh6, Kamiar Zomorodian7, Arezoo Charsizadeh8, Carlo Brouwer1,9,10, Weihua Pan11, Ferry Hagen5,1, Teun Boekhout1,12. 1. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 4. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 7. Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 8. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 9. BioAware Life Sciences Data Management Software, Belgium. 10. CBMR Scientific Inc, Edmonton, Canada. 11. Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China. 12. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Identification of the emerging yeast species Candida nivariensis among presumptively identified Iranian Candida glabrata isolates. METHODOLOGY: Clinical C. glabrata species complex isolates from blood (n=71; 33.3 %), urine (n=100; 46.9 %), vaginal swabs (n=20;9.4 %), BAL (n=10; 4.7 %), and sputum (n=12; 5.6 %) from Iran were investigated. Isolates were characterized by CHROMagar, multiplex PCRs, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, internal transcribed spacer (ITS)/large subunit (LSU) rDNA and FKS1/FKS2 sequencing, and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing broth microdilution method. A comprehensive literature review was conducted and all the relevant clinical and microbiological data were collected. RESULTS: Four C. nivariensis isolates were recovered from blood samples of three subjects and were all consistently identified by nine-plex PCR, Bruker MALDI-TOF MS, and LSU and ITS rDNA sequencing. AFLP genotyping clustered the isolates into two groups. Sequencing of the FKS1 and FKS2 hotspots showed no accountable amino acid substitutions. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin and micafungin. CONCLUSION: In total, 4 out of 213 clinical C. glabrata species complex candidemia isolates were C. nivariensis. Improvement of the BioMerieux Vitek MS database is required to accurately identify C. nivariensis and it is advised to alternatively use CHROMagar and/or PCR-based techniques. As other species within the Nakaseomyces clade may cause infection and showed high MIC values for antifungals, inclusion of their spectra into the MALDI-TOF MS database seems relevant. Due to developing resistance to fluconazole and insufficient efficacy of caspofungin, the combination of catheter removal plus treatment with caspofungin, or voriconazole, or micafungin might be effective for patients.
PURPOSE: Identification of the emerging yeast species Candida nivariensis among presumptively identified Iranian Candida glabrata isolates. METHODOLOGY: Clinical C. glabrata species complex isolates from blood (n=71; 33.3 %), urine (n=100; 46.9 %), vaginal swabs (n=20;9.4 %), BAL (n=10; 4.7 %), and sputum (n=12; 5.6 %) from Iran were investigated. Isolates were characterized by CHROMagar, multiplex PCRs, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, internal transcribed spacer (ITS)/large subunit (LSU) rDNA and FKS1/FKS2 sequencing, and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing broth microdilution method. A comprehensive literature review was conducted and all the relevant clinical and microbiological data were collected. RESULTS: Four C. nivariensis isolates were recovered from blood samples of three subjects and were all consistently identified by nine-plex PCR, Bruker MALDI-TOF MS, and LSU and ITS rDNA sequencing. AFLP genotyping clustered the isolates into two groups. Sequencing of the FKS1 and FKS2 hotspots showed no accountable amino acid substitutions. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin and micafungin. CONCLUSION: In total, 4 out of 213 clinical C. glabrata species complex candidemia isolates were C. nivariensis. Improvement of the BioMerieux Vitek MS database is required to accurately identify C. nivariensis and it is advised to alternatively use CHROMagar and/or PCR-based techniques. As other species within the Nakaseomyces clade may cause infection and showed high MIC values for antifungals, inclusion of their spectra into the MALDI-TOF MS database seems relevant. Due to developing resistance to fluconazole and insufficient efficacy of caspofungin, the combination of catheter removal plus treatment with caspofungin, or voriconazole, or micafungin might be effective for patients.
Authors: Lajos Forgács; Andrew M Borman; Renátó Kovács; Dávid Balázsi; Zoltán Tóth; Bence Balázs; Chiu Chun-Ju; Gábor Kardos; Ilona Kovacs; László Majoros Journal: J Fungi (Basel) Date: 2022-05-11