Shannon L Michael1, Nancy Brener2, Sarah M Lee1, Morgan Clennin3, Russell R Pate4. 1. Research Application and Evaluation Team, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE (Mailstop S107-6), Atlanta, GA 30329. 2. Survey Operations and Dissemination Team, Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE (Mailstop E-75), Atlanta, GA 30329. 3. Children's Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Exercise Science, Division of Health Aspects of Physical Activity, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. 4. Children's Physical Activity Research Group, Children's Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Exercise Science, Division of Health Aspects of Physical Activity, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We assessed the extent to which schools in the United States implement physical education policies identified in SHAPE America's Essential Components of Physical Education document and how implementation of these policies varies by school characteristics. METHODS: School policy data were collected as part of the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study via computer-assisted personal interviews in a nationally representative sample of K-12 schools and were linked to extant data on school characteristics. Bivariate analyses and Poisson regression model were used to examine how physical education policies differed by school characteristics. RESULTS: Five physical education policies varied by region and 3 varied by school level. Requiring certified, licensed, or endorsed physical education teachers varied by all school characteristics except school level and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. The average number of physical education policies implemented by schools was 3.0. The number of policies varied by metropolitan status and school level. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest many schools are only implementing a few of the physical education policies that can strengthen their physical education programs. These findings can be used to target professional development and technical assistance for physical education practitioners on policy and implementation.
BACKGROUND: We assessed the extent to which schools in the United States implement physical education policies identified in SHAPE America's Essential Components of Physical Education document and how implementation of these policies varies by school characteristics. METHODS: School policy data were collected as part of the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study via computer-assisted personal interviews in a nationally representative sample of K-12 schools and were linked to extant data on school characteristics. Bivariate analyses and Poisson regression model were used to examine how physical education policies differed by school characteristics. RESULTS: Five physical education policies varied by region and 3 varied by school level. Requiring certified, licensed, or endorsed physical education teachers varied by all school characteristics except school level and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. The average number of physical education policies implemented by schools was 3.0. The number of policies varied by metropolitan status and school level. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest many schools are only implementing a few of the physical education policies that can strengthen their physical education programs. These findings can be used to target professional development and technical assistance for physical education practitioners on policy and implementation.
Authors: Ramón Alfonso González-Rivas; Oscar Núñez Enríquez; María Del Carmen Zueck-Enríquez; Gabriel Gastelum-Cuadras; Adrián Alonzo Ramírez-García; Salvador Jesús López-Alonzo; Julio César Guedea-Delgado Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-03-01 Impact factor: 3.390