Ramin Heshmat1, Zeinab Hemati2, Moloud Payab3, Shirin Seyed Hamzeh4, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh5, Gita Shafiee1, Majzoubeh Taheri6, Hasan Ziaodini7, Mostafa Qorbani8,9, Roya Kelishadi2. 1. 1Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. 2Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jarib Ave, Isfahan, Iran. 3. 3Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. 4Food and Nutrition Policy, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. 5Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 6. 6Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. 7. Health Psychology Research Center, Education Ministry, Tehran, Iran. 8. 8Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. 9. 9Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pediatric metabolic disorders are a major health problem. The prevalence of child and adolescent metabolic disorders particularly obesity has globally shown a growing pattern. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS: This multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 in 30 provinces of Iran. Participants consisted of 4200 school students aged 7-18 years, studied in a national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN- V) in Iran. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity was defined according to ATP III and WHO criteria respectively. Subjects were classified into four different metabolic phenotypes of obesity; metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically non-healthy non-obese (MNHNO) and metabolically non-healthy obese (MNHO). Moreover students were classified in four different phenotypes of obesity; normal; only abdominal obesity (AO), only generalized obesity (GO) and combined obesity (CO). RESULTS: The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity, MHO 10.35 (9.1, 11.8), MNHNO 3.31 (2.6, 4.2) and MNHO 2.19 (1.6, 2.9) was found in boys, while the prevalence of these phenotypes was significantly lower in girls (7.74 (6.6, 9.1), 3.11 (2.4,5.1) and 1.41 (0.9,2.1) respectively). The prevalence of only AO, only GO and CO was 12.17% (11.6, 12.7), 2.51% (2.3,2.8), and 8.86% (8.4,9.3), respectively. Based on gender differences, the prevalence of AO was significantly higher among girls than boys (12.4% of girls vs. 11.9% of boys). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle education and program interventions are necessary for children with different metabolic phenotypes of obesity, as there is a high probability that they may suffer from poor health in the future.
BACKGROUND: Pediatric metabolic disorders are a major health problem. The prevalence of child and adolescent metabolic disorders particularly obesity has globally shown a growing pattern. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS: This multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 in 30 provinces of Iran. Participants consisted of 4200 school students aged 7-18 years, studied in a national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN- V) in Iran. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity was defined according to ATP III and WHO criteria respectively. Subjects were classified into four different metabolic phenotypes of obesity; metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically non-healthy non-obese (MNHNO) and metabolically non-healthy obese (MNHO). Moreover students were classified in four different phenotypes of obesity; normal; only abdominal obesity (AO), only generalized obesity (GO) and combined obesity (CO). RESULTS: The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of different metabolic phenotypes of obesity, MHO 10.35 (9.1, 11.8), MNHNO 3.31 (2.6, 4.2) and MNHO 2.19 (1.6, 2.9) was found in boys, while the prevalence of these phenotypes was significantly lower in girls (7.74 (6.6, 9.1), 3.11 (2.4,5.1) and 1.41 (0.9,2.1) respectively). The prevalence of only AO, only GO and CO was 12.17% (11.6, 12.7), 2.51% (2.3,2.8), and 8.86% (8.4,9.3), respectively. Based on gender differences, the prevalence of AO was significantly higher among girls than boys (12.4% of girls vs. 11.9% of boys). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle education and program interventions are necessary for children with different metabolic phenotypes of obesity, as there is a high probability that they may suffer from poor health in the future.
Entities:
Keywords:
Children and adolescents; Different metabolic phenotypes of obesity; Different phenotypes of obesity
Authors: Eun-Jung Rhee; Min Kyung Lee; Jong Dae Kim; Won Seon Jeon; Ji Cheol Bae; Se Eun Park; Cheol-Young Park; Ki-Won Oh; Sung-Woo Park; Won-Young Lee Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-05-28 Impact factor: 3.240