Victoria Rotshild1, Laurent Azoulay2,3, Ilan Feldhamer4, Amichai Perlman1, Mordechai Muszkat5, Ilan Matok1. 1. Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy and The David R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 3. Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Oncology Department, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 4. Research and Information Department, Chief Physician Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Calcium channels play a significant role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study investigates associations between calcium channel blocker (CCB) use and the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted using the Clalit Health Services database. We formed a population-based cohort of patients who were prescribed their first antihypertensive agent between 2000 and 2014. For each newly diagnosed PCa case in the cohort, 10 controls were matched by age, calendar year of cohort entry, and duration of follow-up. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) of PCa among CCB users compared with users of other antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS: We identified 4346 patients with newly diagnosed PCa during the median follow-up of 5.3 years. The exposure to CCBs was associated with a slight increase in risk for PCa (OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.18) when compared with non-CCB antihypertensive drugs. In secondary analyses, evidence was found of a duration-response relationship, with the association for PCa increasing by 27% for every 10-year increment of CCB use (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large population-based study indicate a modest but significant increase in the risk of PCa among CCB users, and the risk increases with duration of use.
INTRODUCTION: Calcium channels play a significant role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study investigates associations between calcium channel blocker (CCB) use and the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted using the Clalit Health Services database. We formed a population-based cohort of patients who were prescribed their first antihypertensive agent between 2000 and 2014. For each newly diagnosed PCa case in the cohort, 10 controls were matched by age, calendar year of cohort entry, and duration of follow-up. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) of PCa among CCB users compared with users of other antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS: We identified 4346 patients with newly diagnosed PCa during the median follow-up of 5.3 years. The exposure to CCBs was associated with a slight increase in risk for PCa (OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.18) when compared with non-CCB antihypertensive drugs. In secondary analyses, evidence was found of a duration-response relationship, with the association for PCa increasing by 27% for every 10-year increment of CCB use (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large population-based study indicate a modest but significant increase in the risk of PCa among CCB users, and the risk increases with duration of use.