Xiaobo Zhang1, Xiaowei Ojanen2, Haihui Zhuang1, Na Wu1, Sulin Cheng3, Petri Wiklund4. 1. The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Exercise, Health and Technology Center, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 2. The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Exercise, Health and Technology Center, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 3. Exercise, Health and Technology Center, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: shulin.cheng@jyu.fi. 4. Exercise, Health and Technology Center, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: p.wiklund@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Cross-sectional studies in children show branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with insulin resistance, but whether these associations persist from childhood to adulthood is not known. This study aimed to assess whether circulating amino acids associate with insulin resistance during pubertal development. METHODS: This was a 7.5-year longitudinal study from childhood to early adulthood. A total of 396 nondiabetic Finnish girls aged 11.2 ± .8 years at baseline participated in the study which was conducted at the Health Science Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä. Serum concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined by enzymatic photometric methods and amino acids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: All amino acids were positively associated with HOMA-IR both before and after menarche (p < .05 for all), except for histidine. Branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids showed the strongest associations, the magnitude of correlation coefficients being similar before and after menarche (R2 = .064-.171). After adjusting for body mass index z-score and height, the associations between branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids and HOMA-IR remained significant both before and after menarche. CONCLUSIONS: Branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids associate with insulin resistance during pubertal development, independent of adiposity. Further studies are needed to determine whether changes in amino acid metabolism link pubertal hyperinsulinemia to accelerated physiological growth and/or heightened cardiometabolic risk later in life.
PURPOSE: Cross-sectional studies in children show branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with insulin resistance, but whether these associations persist from childhood to adulthood is not known. This study aimed to assess whether circulating amino acids associate with insulin resistance during pubertal development. METHODS: This was a 7.5-year longitudinal study from childhood to early adulthood. A total of 396 nondiabetic Finnish girls aged 11.2 ± .8 years at baseline participated in the study which was conducted at the Health Science Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä. Serum concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined by enzymatic photometric methods and amino acids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: All amino acids were positively associated with HOMA-IR both before and after menarche (p < .05 for all), except for histidine. Branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids showed the strongest associations, the magnitude of correlation coefficients being similar before and after menarche (R2 = .064-.171). After adjusting for body mass index z-score and height, the associations between branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids and HOMA-IR remained significant both before and after menarche. CONCLUSIONS:Branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids associate with insulin resistance during pubertal development, independent of adiposity. Further studies are needed to determine whether changes in amino acid metabolism link pubertal hyperinsulinemia to accelerated physiological growth and/or heightened cardiometabolic risk later in life.
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