John T Schousboe1,2, Tien N Vo3, Allyson M Kats3, Lisa Langsetmo3, Susan J Diem3,4,5, Brent C Taylor3,4,5, Elsa S Strotmeyer6, Kristine E Ensrud3,4,5. 1. Department of Rheumatology, Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, HealthPartners Inc, Bloomington, Minnesota. 2. Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 3. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 4. Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 5. Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Veterans Administration Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Depressive symptoms can be both a cause and a consequence of functional limitations and medical conditions. Our objectives were to determine the association of depressive symptoms with subsequent total healthcare costs in older women after accounting for functional limitations and multimorbidity. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]). SETTING: Four US sites. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2508 community-dwelling women (mean age = 79.4 years) participating in the SOF year 10 (Y10) examination linked with their Medicare claims data. MEASUREMENTS: At Y10, depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and functional limitations were assessed by number (range = 0-5) of impairments in performing instrumental activities of daily living. Multimorbidity was ascertained by the Elixhauser method using claims data for the 12 months preceding the Y10 examination. Total direct healthcare costs, outpatient costs, acute hospital stays, and skilled nursing facility during the 12 months following the Y10 examination were ascertained from claims data. RESULTS: Annualized mean (SD) total healthcare costs were $4654 ($9075) in those with little or no depressive symptoms (GDS score = 0-1), $7871 ($14 534) in those with mild depressive symptoms (GDS score = 2-5), and $9010 ($15 578) in those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms (GDS score = 6 or more). After adjustment for age, site, self-reported functional limitations, and multimorbidity, the magnitudes of these incremental costs were partially attenuated (cost ratio = 1.34 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.14-1.59] for those with mild depressive symptoms, and cost ratio = 1.29 [95% CI = 0.99-1.69] for those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms vs women with little or no depressive symptoms). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms were associated with higher subsequent healthcare costs attributable, in part, to greater functional limitations and multimorbidity among those with symptoms. Importantly, even mild depressive symptoms were associated with higher healthcare costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1596-1603, 2019.
OBJECTIVES:Depressive symptoms can be both a cause and a consequence of functional limitations and medical conditions. Our objectives were to determine the association of depressive symptoms with subsequent total healthcare costs in older women after accounting for functional limitations and multimorbidity. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]). SETTING: Four US sites. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2508 community-dwelling women (mean age = 79.4 years) participating in the SOF year 10 (Y10) examination linked with their Medicare claims data. MEASUREMENTS: At Y10, depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and functional limitations were assessed by number (range = 0-5) of impairments in performing instrumental activities of daily living. Multimorbidity was ascertained by the Elixhauser method using claims data for the 12 months preceding the Y10 examination. Total direct healthcare costs, outpatient costs, acute hospital stays, and skilled nursing facility during the 12 months following the Y10 examination were ascertained from claims data. RESULTS: Annualized mean (SD) total healthcare costs were $4654 ($9075) in those with little or no depressive symptoms (GDS score = 0-1), $7871 ($14 534) in those with mild depressive symptoms (GDS score = 2-5), and $9010 ($15 578) in those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms (GDS score = 6 or more). After adjustment for age, site, self-reported functional limitations, and multimorbidity, the magnitudes of these incremental costs were partially attenuated (cost ratio = 1.34 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.14-1.59] for those with mild depressive symptoms, and cost ratio = 1.29 [95% CI = 0.99-1.69] for those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms vs women with little or no depressive symptoms). CONCLUSION:Depressive symptoms were associated with higher subsequent healthcare costs attributable, in part, to greater functional limitations and multimorbidity among those with symptoms. Importantly, even mild depressive symptoms were associated with higher healthcare costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1596-1603, 2019.
Authors: E J Lenze; J C Rogers; L M Martire; B H Mulsant; B L Rollman; M A Dew; R Schulz; C F Reynolds Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2001 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Glenn V Ostir; James S Goodwin; Kyriakos S Markides; Kenneth J Ottenbacher; Jennifer Balfour; Jack M Guralnik Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2002-04 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Courtney N Forbes; Matthew T Tull; Hong Xie; Nicole M Christ; Kristopher Brickman; Mike Mattin; Xin Wang Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2020-01-02 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Søren T Skou; Frances S Mair; Martin Fortin; Bruce Guthrie; Bruno P Nunes; J Jaime Miranda; Cynthia M Boyd; Sanghamitra Pati; Sally Mtenga; Susan M Smith Journal: Nat Rev Dis Primers Date: 2022-07-14 Impact factor: 65.038
Authors: Lisanne M Rimmelzwaan; Mieke J L Bogerd; Bregitta M A Schumacher; Pauline Slottje; Hein P J Van Hout; Marcel E Reinders Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2020-12-22