Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani1,2, Stefaan De Henauw3, Maria Forsner4,5, Frédéric Gottrand6, Inge Huybrechts3,7, Viktoria Knaze7, Mathilde Kersting8, Cinzia Le Donne9, Yannis Manios10, Ascensión Marcos11, Dénes Molnár12, Joseph A Rothwell7, Augustin Scalbert7, Michael Sjöström13, Kurt Widhalm14, Luis A Moreno15, Nathalie Michels3. 1. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C.Heymanslaan 10-4K3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. ratihwirapuspita.wisnuwardani@ugent.be. 2. Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. ratihwirapuspita.wisnuwardani@ugent.be. 3. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C.Heymanslaan 10-4K3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. 4. Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 5. School of Education, Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden. 6. CHU Lille, Inserm U995, University of Lille, Lille, France. 7. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France. 8. Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. 9. CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178, Rome, Italy. 10. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. 11. Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain. 12. Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary. 13. Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 14. Department of Pediatric, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 15. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The role of polyphenol intake during adolescence to prevent metabolic syndrome (MetS) is little explored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes and the 10 most consumed individual polyphenols with MetS risk in European adolescents. METHODS: Of the cross-sectional HELENA study, 657 adolescents (54% girls; 14.8% overweight; 12.5-17.5 year) had a fasting blood sample and polyphenol intake data from two non-consecutive 24-h recalls matched with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined via the pediatric American Heart Association definition. Multilevel linear regressions examined the associations of polyphenol quartiles with MetS components, while logistic regression examined the associations with MetS risk. RESULTS: After adjusting for all potential confounders (socio-demographics and nine nutrients), total polyphenol intake, polyphenol classes and individual polyphenols were not associated with MetS risk. From all MetS components, only BMI z-score was modestly inversely associated with total polyphenol intake. Further sub analyses on polyphenol classes revealed that flavonoid intake was significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and lower BMI, and phenolic acid intake was associated with higher low-density cholesterol. For individual polyphenols, the above BMI findings were often confirmed (not independent from dietary intake) and a few associations were found with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: Higher intakes of total polyphenols and flavonoids were inversely associated with BMI. No consistent associations were found for other MetS components.
PURPOSE: The role of polyphenol intake during adolescence to prevent metabolic syndrome (MetS) is little explored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes and the 10 most consumed individual polyphenols with MetS risk in European adolescents. METHODS: Of the cross-sectional HELENA study, 657 adolescents (54% girls; 14.8% overweight; 12.5-17.5 year) had a fasting blood sample and polyphenol intake data from two non-consecutive 24-h recalls matched with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined via the pediatric American Heart Association definition. Multilevel linear regressions examined the associations of polyphenol quartiles with MetS components, while logistic regression examined the associations with MetS risk. RESULTS: After adjusting for all potential confounders (socio-demographics and nine nutrients), total polyphenol intake, polyphenol classes and individual polyphenols were not associated with MetS risk. From all MetS components, only BMI z-score was modestly inversely associated with total polyphenol intake. Further sub analyses on polyphenol classes revealed that flavonoid intake was significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and lower BMI, and phenolic acid intake was associated with higher low-density cholesterol. For individual polyphenols, the above BMI findings were often confirmed (not independent from dietary intake) and a few associations were found with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: Higher intakes of total polyphenols and flavonoids were inversely associated with BMI. No consistent associations were found for other MetS components.
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