Shengnan Li1,2, Shu Wang1,3, Priyanka Priyanka1, John A Kellum1. 1. Center for Critical Care Nephrology, CRISMA, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury is a common complication of major surgery. However, acute kidney injury occurring within the first 48 hours after surgery (early acute kidney injury) and therefore likely related to the surgery itself is possibly different from acute kidney injury occurring after 48 hours (late acute kidney injury). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and identify differences in risk factors and outcomes between early and late acute kidney injury following major surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic Medical Center. PATIENTS: Patients admitted to ICU following noncardiac major surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3,499 patients and defined acute kidney injury according to full Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria and classified as early (48 hr or less) or late (> 48 hr to 7 d) based on time from surgery. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were fit to identify risk factors of early acute kidney injury compared with no acute kidney injury and risk factors of late acute kidney injury compared with no acute kidney injury. Overall 41.7% (1,459/3,499) developed early acute kidney injury versus 14.4% (504/3,499) late acute kidney injury. Most acute kidney injury occurred within 48 hours following surgery and 12 hours was the peak interval. Risk factors for early acute kidney injury included increased age, body mass index, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, and anemia, whereas late acute kidney injury cases were closely associated with postoperative factors, like sepsis, mechanical ventilation, positive fluid balance, blood transfusions and exposure to diuretics, vasopressors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After adjusting for age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, comorbidities, surgery type, both early acute kidney injury (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.84 [1.50-2.27]) and late acute kidney injury (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.42 [1.09-1.85]) were associated with higher 1-year mortality compared with patients without acute kidney injury. We found similar results in a validation cohort of 10,723 patients admitted between 2008 and 2014. CONCLUSIONS: Most surgery-related acute kidney injury occurred within 48 hours of surgery. Acute kidney injury occurring within the first 48 hours was associated with underlying health, whereas acute kidney injury occurring after 48 hours was related to postoperative complications or drugs. Design of clinical and experimental interventions for acute kidney injury in this population should consider these differences.
OBJECTIVES:Acute kidney injury is a common complication of major surgery. However, acute kidney injury occurring within the first 48 hours after surgery (early acute kidney injury) and therefore likely related to the surgery itself is possibly different from acute kidney injury occurring after 48 hours (late acute kidney injury). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and identify differences in risk factors and outcomes between early and late acute kidney injury following major surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic Medical Center. PATIENTS: Patients admitted to ICU following noncardiac major surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3,499 patients and defined acute kidney injury according to full Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria and classified as early (48 hr or less) or late (> 48 hr to 7 d) based on time from surgery. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were fit to identify risk factors of early acute kidney injury compared with no acute kidney injury and risk factors of late acute kidney injury compared with no acute kidney injury. Overall 41.7% (1,459/3,499) developed early acute kidney injury versus 14.4% (504/3,499) late acute kidney injury. Most acute kidney injury occurred within 48 hours following surgery and 12 hours was the peak interval. Risk factors for early acute kidney injury included increased age, body mass index, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, and anemia, whereas late acute kidney injury cases were closely associated with postoperative factors, like sepsis, mechanical ventilation, positive fluid balance, blood transfusions and exposure to diuretics, vasopressors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After adjusting for age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, comorbidities, surgery type, both early acute kidney injury (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.84 [1.50-2.27]) and late acute kidney injury (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.42 [1.09-1.85]) were associated with higher 1-year mortality compared with patients without acute kidney injury. We found similar results in a validation cohort of 10,723 patients admitted between 2008 and 2014. CONCLUSIONS: Most surgery-related acute kidney injury occurred within 48 hours of surgery. Acute kidney injury occurring within the first 48 hours was associated with underlying health, whereas acute kidney injury occurring after 48 hours was related to postoperative complications or drugs. Design of clinical and experimental interventions for acute kidney injury in this population should consider these differences.
Authors: Eldad A Hod; Ning Zhang; Set A Sokol; Boguslaw S Wojczyk; Richard O Francis; Daniel Ansaldi; Kevin P Francis; Phyllis Della-Latta; Susan Whittier; Sujit Sheth; Jeanne E Hendrickson; James C Zimring; Gary M Brittenham; Steven L Spitalnik Journal: Blood Date: 2010-03-18 Impact factor: 22.113
Authors: Frederic T Billings; Mias Pretorius; Jonathan S Schildcrout; Nathaniel D Mercaldo; John G Byrne; T Alp Ikizler; Nancy J Brown Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2012-05-24 Impact factor: 10.121
Authors: Keyvan Karkouti; Duminda N Wijeysundera; Terrence M Yau; Stuart A McCluskey; Christopher T Chan; Pui-Yuen Wong; W Scott Beattie Journal: Anesthesiology Date: 2011-09 Impact factor: 7.892
Authors: Azra Bihorac; Sinan Yavas; Sophie Subbiah; Charles E Hobson; Jesse D Schold; Andrea Gabrielli; A Joseph Layon; Mark S Segal Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2009-05 Impact factor: 12.969
Authors: Michael J Mosier; Tam N Pham; Matthew B Klein; Nicole S Gibran; Brett D Arnoldo; Richard L Gamelli; Ronald G Tompkins; David N Herndon Journal: J Burn Care Res Date: 2010 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 1.845
Authors: Sachin Kheterpal; Kevin K Tremper; Michael J Englesbe; Michael O'Reilly; Amy M Shanks; Douglas M Fetterman; Andrew L Rosenberg; Richard D Swartz Journal: Anesthesiology Date: 2007-12 Impact factor: 7.892
Authors: Andrew D Shaw; John A Kellum; John R Prowle; Lui G Forni; Max Bell; Michelle S Chew; Mark Edwards; Morgan E Grams; Michael P W Grocott; Kathleen D Liu; David McIlroy; Patrick T Murray; Marlies Ostermann; Alexander Zarbock; Sean M Bagshaw; Raquel Bartz; Samira Bell; Azra Bihorac; Tong J Gan; Charles E Hobson; Michael Joannidis; Jay L Koyner; Denny Z H Levett; Ravindra L Mehta; Timothy E Miller; Michael G Mythen; Mitra K Nadim; Rupert M Pearse; Thomas Rimmele; Claudio Ronco Journal: Nat Rev Nephrol Date: 2021-05-11 Impact factor: 28.314