Risa M Hoffman1, Konstantia Nadia Angelidou2, Sean S Brummel2, Friday Saidi3, Avy Violari4, Dingase Dula5, Vidya Mave6,7, Lee Fairlie8, Gerhard Theron9, Moreen Kamateeka10, Tsungai Chipato11, Benjamin H Chi12, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda13, Teacler Nematadzira14, Dhayendre Moodley15, Debika Bhattacharya1, Amita Gupta6,7, Anne Coletti16, James A McIntyre17,18, Karin L Klingman19, Nahida Chakhtoura20, David E Shapiro2, Mary Glenn Fowler21, Judith S Currier1. 1. a Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA. 2. b Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA. 3. c University of North Carolina Project-Malawi , Lilongwe , Malawi. 4. d Perinatal HIV Research Unit , Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital , Soweto , South Africa. 5. e Malawi College of Medicine , Johns Hopkins Project , Chichiri , Malawi. 6. f BJGMC Clinical Trials Unit , Pune , India. 7. g Division of Infectious Diseases , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA. 8. h Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute , Johannesburg , South Africa. 9. i Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa. 10. j Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration , Mulago Kampala , Uganda. 11. k Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Zimbabwe , Harare , Zimbabwe. 12. l Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA. 13. m University of Zimbabwe , Harare , Zimbabwe. 14. n University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre , Harare , Zimbabwe. 15. o Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa and School of Clinical Medicine , University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban , South Africa. 16. p Family Health International 360 , Durham , NC , USA. 17. q Anova Health Institute , Johannesburg , South Africa. 18. r School of Public Health & Family Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa. 19. s Division of AIDS , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA. 20. t Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA. 21. u Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: IMPAACT PROMISE 1077BF/FF was a randomized study of antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies for pregnant and postpartum women with high CD4+ T-cell counts. We describe postpartum outcomes for women in the study who were randomized to continue or discontinue ART after delivery. METHODS:Women with pre-ART CD4+ cell counts ≥350 cells/mm3 who started ART during pregnancy were randomized postpartum to continue or discontinue treatment. Women were enrolled from India, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The primary outcome was a composite of progression to AIDS-defining illness or death. Log-rank tests and Cox regression models assessed treatment effects. Incidence rates were calculated per 100 person-years. A post hoc analysis evaluated WHO Stage 2/3 events. All analyses were intent-to-treat. FINDINGS:1611 women were enrolled (June 2011-October 2014) and 95% were breastfeeding. Median age at entry was 27 years, CD4+ count 728 cells/mm3 and the majority of women were Black African (97%). After a median follow-up of 1.6 years, progression to AIDS-defining illness or death was rare and there was no significant difference between arms (HR: 0·55; 95%CI 0·14, 2·08, p = 0.37). WHO Stage 2/3 events were reduced with continued ART (HR: 0·60; 95%CI 0·39, 0·90, p = 0.01). The arms did not differ with respect to the rate of grade 2, 3, or 4 safety events (p = 0.61). INTERPRETATION: Serious clinical events were rare among predominately breastfeeding women with high CD4+ cell counts over 18 months after delivery. ART had significant benefit in reducing WHO 2/3 events in this population.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: IMPAACT PROMISE 1077BF/FF was a randomized study of antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies for pregnant and postpartum women with high CD4+ T-cell counts. We describe postpartum outcomes for women in the study who were randomized to continue or discontinue ART after delivery. METHODS:Women with pre-ARTCD4+ cell counts ≥350 cells/mm3 who started ART during pregnancy were randomized postpartum to continue or discontinue treatment. Women were enrolled from India, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The primary outcome was a composite of progression to AIDS-defining illness or death. Log-rank tests and Cox regression models assessed treatment effects. Incidence rates were calculated per 100 person-years. A post hoc analysis evaluated WHO Stage 2/3 events. All analyses were intent-to-treat. FINDINGS: 1611 women were enrolled (June 2011-October 2014) and 95% were breastfeeding. Median age at entry was 27 years, CD4+ count 728 cells/mm3 and the majority of women were Black African (97%). After a median follow-up of 1.6 years, progression to AIDS-defining illness or death was rare and there was no significant difference between arms (HR: 0·55; 95%CI 0·14, 2·08, p = 0.37). WHO Stage 2/3 events were reduced with continued ART (HR: 0·60; 95%CI 0·39, 0·90, p = 0.01). The arms did not differ with respect to the rate of grade 2, 3, or 4 safety events (p = 0.61). INTERPRETATION: Serious clinical events were rare among predominately breastfeeding women with high CD4+ cell counts over 18 months after delivery. ART had significant benefit in reducing WHO 2/3 events in this population.
Entities:
Keywords:
HIV and breastfeeding; HIV/AIDS; antiretroviral therapy (ART); postpartum maternal health
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