Florian Janisch1,2, Shahrokh F Shariat1,3,4,5,6,7, Eva Schernhammer8,9,10, Michael Rink2, Harun Fajkovic1,5. 1. Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2. Department of Urology, Medical University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. 3. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. 4. Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. 5. Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria. 6. EAU Research Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands. 7. Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School. 9. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 10. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although smoking and gender are well-established bladder cancer (BCa) risk factors, a significant interaction with other risk factors could help in the identification of patterns for early detection and prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Smoking appears to be more strongly associated with BCa risk in women than in men, which could be related to differences in metabolism, smoking behavior, exposure patterns, and DNA repair mechanisms. BMI is associated with a higher risk of BCa with negligible difference between genders. The risk for BCa is increased in postmenopausal women, specifically in women with earlier menopausal age (<45 years). Other potential risk factors such as alcohol, arsenic exposure, and particulate matter inhalation seem to affect the genders differently.Female smokers experience a higher risk of disease recurrence after bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy than their male counterparts. Lastly, smoking appears to negatively affect the outcome of radiotherapy in women, but not that of men. SUMMARY: Several lines of evidence point to an interaction between smoking and gender, whereas their impact on other potential risk factors remains to be elucidated. Identifying such differential effects could allow for gender-specific prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although smoking and gender are well-established bladder cancer (BCa) risk factors, a significant interaction with other risk factors could help in the identification of patterns for early detection and prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Smoking appears to be more strongly associated with BCa risk in women than in men, which could be related to differences in metabolism, smoking behavior, exposure patterns, and DNA repair mechanisms. BMI is associated with a higher risk of BCa with negligible difference between genders. The risk for BCa is increased in postmenopausal women, specifically in women with earlier menopausal age (<45 years). Other potential risk factors such as alcohol, arsenic exposure, and particulate matter inhalation seem to affect the genders differently.Female smokers experience a higher risk of disease recurrence after bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy than their male counterparts. Lastly, smoking appears to negatively affect the outcome of radiotherapy in women, but not that of men. SUMMARY: Several lines of evidence point to an interaction between smoking and gender, whereas their impact on other potential risk factors remains to be elucidated. Identifying such differential effects could allow for gender-specific prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
Authors: Wei Zhao; Farah Ammous; Scott Ratliff; Jiaxuan Liu; Miao Yu; Thomas H Mosley; Sharon L R Kardia; Jennifer A Smith Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-08-28 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Frederik König; Benjamin Pradere; Nico C Grossmann; Fahad Quhal; Pawel Rajwa; Ekaterina Laukhtina; Keiichiro Mori; Satoshi Katayama; Takafumi Yanagisawa; Hadi Mostafai; Reza Sari Motlagh; Abdulmajeed Aydh; Roland Dahlem; Shahrokh F Shariat; Michael Rink Journal: Transl Cancer Res Date: 2022-04 Impact factor: 1.241
Authors: Joseph L Sottnik; Lauren Vanderlinden; Molishree Joshi; Ana Chauca-Diaz; Charles Owens; Donna E Hansel; Colin Sempeck; Debashis Ghosh; Dan Theodorescu Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2021-03-09 Impact factor: 13.312